Question 1

Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children is a questionnaire designed to assess children's opinions of their

Accepted Answer

A)  scholastic competence. 
B)  athletic competence. 
C)  physical appearance. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  scholastic competence. 
B)  athletic competence. 
C)  physical appearance. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 2

According to Bandura, self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

A)  is related to effort and persistence on tasks. 
B)  is unrelated to children's behaviour. 
C)  remains stable from infancy through adolescence. 
D)  is not affected by changes in children's cognitive abilities. 
A)  is related to effort and persistence on tasks. 
B)  is unrelated to children's behaviour. 
C)  remains stable from infancy through adolescence. 
D)  is not affected by changes in children's cognitive abilities.

Question 3

Imagine that you are a consultant to a school board. What information would you offer the board regarding early adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Adolescents are not concerned about the opinions of their peers, because they still have a hard time taking the perspective of others." 
B)  "Fortunately, the biological changes of adolescence have a minimal effect on their emotions." 
C)  "There is evidence that switching from elementary school to junior high is related to a decrease in self esteem." 
D)  "The drop in self esteem in early adolescence is limited to ethnic minorities, particularly African-American females." 
A)  "Adolescents are not concerned about the opinions of their peers, because they still have a hard time taking the perspective of others." 
B)  "Fortunately, the biological changes of adolescence have a minimal effect on their emotions." 
C)  "There is evidence that switching from elementary school to junior high is related to a decrease in self esteem." 
D)  "The drop in self esteem in early adolescence is limited to ethnic minorities, particularly African-American females."

Question 4

Two-year-old children are videotaped as an adult pats them on the head and surreptitiously leaves a sticker on their heads. When the two-year-olds view themselves on screen,

Accepted Answer

A)  they immediately reach for the sticker, but only if the tape is delayed. 
B)  they think they are watching a same-aged peer regardless of whether the tape is live or delayed. 
C)  they do not recognize themselves if the tape is delayed. 
D)  they reach for the stickers on their heads if the tape is live. 
A)  they immediately reach for the sticker, but only if the tape is delayed. 
B)  they think they are watching a same-aged peer regardless of whether the tape is live or delayed. 
C)  they do not recognize themselves if the tape is delayed. 
D)  they reach for the stickers on their heads if the tape is live.

Question 5

The looking-glass self refers to the conception of the self based on

Accepted Answer

A)  how the person thinks others see him or her. 
B)  the individual's physical appearance. 
C)  a person's affective reaction to his or her physical appearance. 
D)  a person's comparison of his or her physical self with an ideal. 
A)  how the person thinks others see him or her. 
B)  the individual's physical appearance. 
C)  a person's affective reaction to his or her physical appearance. 
D)  a person's comparison of his or her physical self with an ideal.

Question 6

Which aspect of the self is concerned with the question: How and when do children acquire self-control?"

Accepted Answer

A)  self-knowledge 
B)  self-evaluation 
C)  self-regulation 
D)  self-system 
A)  self-knowledge 
B)  self-evaluation 
C)  self-regulation 
D)  self-system

Question 7

One cultural factor that plays an important protective role in reducing suicide risk among young First Nations people is

Accepted Answer

A)  geographical locale. 
B)  whether the community is located in a rural or urban area. 
C)  knowledge of a First Nations language. 
D)  knowledge of the majority language. 
A)  geographical locale. 
B)  whether the community is located in a rural or urban area. 
C)  knowledge of a First Nations language. 
D)  knowledge of the majority language.

Question 8

The procedure known as the "forbidden-toy technique" involves

Accepted Answer

A)  placing a child in a room where there is an attractive toy and telling him or her not to touch or play with it. 
B)  placing pairs of children in a room, giving each a toy, and telling them they cannot share or exchange toys. 
C)  asking a child to choose between a small prize given immediately or a big prize given after a delay. 
D)  placing a child in a room where there is an attractive toy and shouting "STOP!" whenever he or she touches or plays with the toy. 
A)  placing a child in a room where there is an attractive toy and telling him or her not to touch or play with it. 
B)  placing pairs of children in a room, giving each a toy, and telling them they cannot share or exchange toys. 
C)  asking a child to choose between a small prize given immediately or a big prize given after a delay. 
D)  placing a child in a room where there is an attractive toy and shouting "STOP!" whenever he or she touches or plays with the toy.

Question 9

Which of the following self-descriptions is MOST likely to be offered by a 9-year-old?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I have brown eyes and blond hair. My favourite food is spaghetti. I have a pet bunny." 
B)  "I'm Italian-Canadian. I'm really good at math. I'm kind of shy." 
C)  "I like snakes. I have a really big rubber one. I know karate." 
D)  "I am concerned about the environment. I would like to be a scientist. I am very curious and I stick with problems until I figure out the answer." 
A)  "I have brown eyes and blond hair. My favourite food is spaghetti. I have a pet bunny." 
B)  "I'm Italian-Canadian. I'm really good at math. I'm kind of shy." 
C)  "I like snakes. I have a really big rubber one. I know karate." 
D)  "I am concerned about the environment. I would like to be a scientist. I am very curious and I stick with problems until I figure out the answer."

Question 10

When planning a research project about self-development, a researcher employing Selman's theory might expect to find

Accepted Answer

A)  interesting cross-cultural variations. 
B)  that two year olds were quite different from six year olds. 
C)  that boys and girls differed predictably along gender lines. 
D)  that environmental factors could trigger significant regressions in self-development. 
A)  interesting cross-cultural variations. 
B)  that two year olds were quite different from six year olds. 
C)  that boys and girls differed predictably along gender lines. 
D)  that environmental factors could trigger significant regressions in self-development.

Question 11

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  In some cultures, the self is independent, self-contained, and autonomous, whereas in other cultures the boundary between self and others is less clearly drawn. 
B)  In some cultures, children are not considered "persons" until a certain age. 
C)  Some cultures believe that the self may have previously inhabited other bodies. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  In some cultures, the self is independent, self-contained, and autonomous, whereas in other cultures the boundary between self and others is less clearly drawn. 
B)  In some cultures, children are not considered "persons" until a certain age. 
C)  Some cultures believe that the self may have previously inhabited other bodies. 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 12

Discuss the differences in self-awareness, self-descriptions, academic self-concept, and self-regulation between a five-year-old and a twelve-year-old.

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness, self-descriptions, acade

Question 13

Six-month-old Kimiko is participating in an experiment examining personal agency. She is MOST likely to follow which instruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Feed the cookie to your dolly. 
B)  Feed the cookie to your mommy. 
C)  Feed the cookie to yourself. 
D)  Feed the cookie to the person in the mirror. 
A)  Feed the cookie to your dolly. 
B)  Feed the cookie to your mommy. 
C)  Feed the cookie to yourself. 
D)  Feed the cookie to the person in the mirror.

Question 14

Children who believe their self-worth depends on the approval and positive judgment of others display a(n) __________in response to failure experiences.

Accepted Answer

A)  mastery orientation 
B)  sense of personal agency 
C)  incrementalist view 
D)  sense of helplessness 
A)  mastery orientation 
B)  sense of personal agency 
C)  incrementalist view 
D)  sense of helplessness

Question 15

The ability to recognize one's mirror image emerges

Accepted Answer

A)  before 6 months of age. 
B)  between 8 and 12 months of age. 
C)  between 15 and 24 months of age. 
D)  after the age of 2 years. 
A)  before 6 months of age. 
B)  between 8 and 12 months of age. 
C)  between 15 and 24 months of age. 
D)  after the age of 2 years.

Question 16

In reference to Vygotsky's notion of "private speech", which of the following is true ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children develop private speech at birth. 
B)  When children reach middle childhood, their private speech takes the form of whispering and inaudible muttering. 
C)  Private speech is only used when solving difficult problems. 
D)  All of the above alternatives are correct. 
A)  Children develop private speech at birth. 
B)  When children reach middle childhood, their private speech takes the form of whispering and inaudible muttering. 
C)  Private speech is only used when solving difficult problems. 
D)  All of the above alternatives are correct.

Question 17

Selman explains developmental changes in children's awareness of self in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in children's cognitive abilities. 
B)  sociogenesis. 
C)  social learning. 
D)  self-schemas. 
A)  changes in children's cognitive abilities. 
B)  sociogenesis. 
C)  social learning. 
D)  self-schemas.

Question 18

Patti has a helpless motivation pattern. We would thus expect her to

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore her teacher. 
B)  seek approval and positive judgements from others. 
C)  finish whatever she has started but to do so with minimal enthusiasm. 
D)  seek out situations she can learn from. 
A)  ignore her teacher. 
B)  seek approval and positive judgements from others. 
C)  finish whatever she has started but to do so with minimal enthusiasm. 
D)  seek out situations she can learn from.

Question 19

Irma has low self esteem and is depressed. If she is asked to remember a list of adjectives, she will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  find it easier to remember the adjectives that are negative. 
B)  find it easier to remember the adjectives that are positive. 
C)  find it equally easy to remember negative and positive adjectives. 
D)  remember the items in the middle of the list because of the primacy and recency effect. 
A)  find it easier to remember the adjectives that are negative. 
B)  find it easier to remember the adjectives that are positive. 
C)  find it equally easy to remember negative and positive adjectives. 
D)  remember the items in the middle of the list because of the primacy and recency effect.

Question 20

Randy's academic performance is below that of his peers in his kindergarten class. Which of the following best characterizes how Randy will react to this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Randy will compare himself with his peers and his self-image will be negatively affected. 
B)  Randy will immediately increase the number of social comparisons he makes. 
C)  Randy will become more interested in discovering the correct answers to problems. 
D)  Randy will compare himself with his peers, but these comparisons will usually not involve academic performance. 
A)  Randy will compare himself with his peers and his self-image will be negatively affected. 
B)  Randy will immediately increase the number of social comparisons he makes. 
C)  Randy will become more interested in discovering the correct answers to problems. 
D)  Randy will compare himself with his peers, but these comparisons will usually not involve academic performance.

Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children is a questionnaire designed to assess children's opinions of their

According to Bandura, self-efficacy

Imagine that you are a consultant to a school board. What information would you offer the board regarding early adolescence?

Two-year-old children are videotaped as an adult pats them on the head and surreptitiously leaves a sticker on their heads. When the two-year-olds view themselves on screen,

The looking-glass self refers to the conception of the self based on

Which aspect of the self is concerned with the question: How and when do children acquire self-control?"

One cultural factor that plays an important protective role in reducing suicide risk among young First Nations people is

The procedure known as the "forbidden-toy technique" involves

Which of the following self-descriptions is MOST likely to be offered by a 9-year-old?

When planning a research project about self-development, a researcher employing Selman's theory might expect to find

Which of the following is a true statement?

Discuss the differences in self-awareness, self-descriptions, academic self-concept, and self-regulation between a five-year-old and a twelve-year-old.

Six-month-old Kimiko is participating in an experiment examining personal agency. She is MOST likely to follow which instruction?

Children who believe their self-worth depends on the approval and positive judgment of others display a(n) __________in response to failure experiences.

The ability to recognize one's mirror image emerges

In reference to Vygotsky's notion of "private speech", which of the following is true ?

Selman explains developmental changes in children's awareness of self in terms of

Patti has a helpless motivation pattern. We would thus expect her to

Irma has low self esteem and is depressed. If she is asked to remember a list of adjectives, she will probably

Randy's academic performance is below that of his peers in his kindergarten class. Which of the following best characterizes how Randy will react to this?

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

Exam 13: Development of the Self

Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children is a questionnaire designed to assess children's opinions of their

According to Bandura, self-efficacy

Imagine that you are a consultant to a school board. What information would you offer the board regarding early adolescence?

Two-year-old children are videotaped as an adult pats them on the head and surreptitiously leaves a sticker on their heads. When the two-year-olds view themselves on screen,

The looking-glass self refers to the conception of the self based on

Which aspect of the self is concerned with the question: How and when do children acquire self-control?"

One cultural factor that plays an important protective role in reducing suicide risk among young First Nations people is

The procedure known as the "forbidden-toy technique" involves

Which of the following self-descriptions is MOST likely to be offered by a 9-year-old?

When planning a research project about self-development, a researcher employing Selman's theory might expect to find

Which of the following is a true statement?

Discuss the differences in self-awareness, self-descriptions, academic self-concept, and self-regulation between a five-year-old and a twelve-year-old.

Six-month-old Kimiko is participating in an experiment examining personal agency. She is MOST likely to follow which instruction?

Children who believe their self-worth depends on the approval and positive judgment of others display a(n) __________in response to failure experiences.

The ability to recognize one's mirror image emerges

In reference to Vygotsky's notion of "private speech", which of the following is true ?

Selman explains developmental changes in children's awareness of self in terms of

Patti has a helpless motivation pattern. We would thus expect her to

Irma has low self esteem and is depressed. If she is asked to remember a list of adjectives, she will probably

Randy's academic performance is below that of his peers in his kindergarten class. Which of the following best characterizes how Randy will react to this?

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters