Question 1

We can learn a lot about newborn memory capabilities through __________ studies.

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  habituation 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 2

Flavie is 2 months old. Her parents have bought her a new play mat that includes a mobile. When kicked, the mobile will light up and play music. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flavie will be able to learn that kicking the mobile will lead to an action 
B)  Flavie does not have enough memory capacity to remember this association 
C)  Flavie will use the mobile to prevent her from getting upset 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct 
A)  Flavie will be able to learn that kicking the mobile will lead to an action 
B)  Flavie does not have enough memory capacity to remember this association 
C)  Flavie will use the mobile to prevent her from getting upset 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct

Question 3

Habituation studies have been relied on to investigate the information processing abilities of nonverbal infants. Dishabituation or the __________ informs researchers about the infant's recognition memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  recovery of response to a new stimulus 
B)  failure to habituate to a single stimulus 
C)  loss of interest in a single stimulus 
D)  infant's fatigue 
A)  recovery of response to a new stimulus 
B)  failure to habituate to a single stimulus 
C)  loss of interest in a single stimulus 
D)  infant's fatigue

Question 4

Connectionist computer programs take the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  microgenetic studies. 
B)  training studies. 
C)  parallel symbolic systems. 
D)  artificial neural networks. 
A)  microgenetic studies. 
B)  training studies. 
C)  parallel symbolic systems. 
D)  artificial neural networks.

Question 5

Discuss constructive memory and how it has been assessed. How does what we know about constructive memory have relevance to eyewitness memory?

Accepted Answer

Constructive memory refers to the proces

Question 6

For the purposes of eyewitness testimonies, recall inaccuracies in children can be reduced by using

Accepted Answer

A)  very specific questions. 
B)  a free-recall format. 
C)  mnemonic strategies. 
D)  a uniformed police officer to conduct all testimonial interviews. 
A)  very specific questions. 
B)  a free-recall format. 
C)  mnemonic strategies. 
D)  a uniformed police officer to conduct all testimonial interviews.

Question 7

The min strategy involves

Accepted Answer

A)  programming computers to solve a problem in the smallest number of steps. 
B)  programming computers to simulate mathematical abilities in children. 
C)  counting up from the larger of two addends to arrive at a sum. 
D)  counting down from the larger of two addends to arrive at a sum. 
A)  programming computers to solve a problem in the smallest number of steps. 
B)  programming computers to simulate mathematical abilities in children. 
C)  counting up from the larger of two addends to arrive at a sum. 
D)  counting down from the larger of two addends to arrive at a sum.

Question 8

Why is it difficult to assess recall memory during infancy? Discuss the research that suggests that infants under two years of age do have recall memory.

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to assess recall memory

Question 9

Discuss at least 2 different methods of examining executive functions and discuss why it is important to test such functions. What is the everyday application of these functions?

Accepted Answer

There are several methods for examining

Question 10

Which activities involve the psychological processes studied by information processing researchers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning to read 
B)  Finding a street address 
C)  Figuring out how to open a locked door 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct. 
A)  Learning to read 
B)  Finding a street address 
C)  Figuring out how to open a locked door 
D)  All of the alternatives are correct.

Question 11

When asked how many items from a list of 10 they would be able to recall, more than half of the preschoolers and kindergarteners asked responded with an estimate of

Accepted Answer

A)  1. 
B)  5. 
C)  8. 
D)  10. 
A)  1. 
B)  5. 
C)  8. 
D)  10.

Question 12

Studies that demonstrate newborns prefer to listen to stories and languages they were exposed to in utero provide evidence that very young infants are capable of

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  recognition memory. 
D)  recall memory. 
A)  habituation. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  recognition memory. 
D)  recall memory.

Question 13

Matthew, a 14-month-old, has just watched his first deer hunting movie with his father. Research suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  If he sees a deer, he will not "remember" to pretend to shoot it because his memory is not yet developed 
B)  If he sees a deer, he will shoot it as in the hunting movie 
C)  He will know how to manipulate guns and hunting material because watching this movie has allowed him brain to make different associations (recall memory) 
D)  None of the alternatives are correct 
A)  If he sees a deer, he will not "remember" to pretend to shoot it because his memory is not yet developed 
B)  If he sees a deer, he will shoot it as in the hunting movie 
C)  He will know how to manipulate guns and hunting material because watching this movie has allowed him brain to make different associations (recall memory) 
D)  None of the alternatives are correct

Question 14

Discuss what is meant by encoding, automatization, strategy construction, and strategy selection.

Accepted Answer

Encoding refers to the process of conver

Question 15

The habituation paradigm is used to test _______ in infants.

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition memory 
B)  generalizability 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  recall 
A)  recognition memory 
B)  generalizability 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  recall

Question 16

The microgenetic technique is to the longitudinal approach as a

Accepted Answer

A)  movie is to snapshots. 
B)  pen is to a pencil. 
C)  point is to a dot. 
D)  moon is to the sun. 
A)  movie is to snapshots. 
B)  pen is to a pencil. 
C)  point is to a dot. 
D)  moon is to the sun.

Question 17

What do information processing approaches have in common with Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  All agree that a complex system of mental rules underlies cognitive performance. 
B)  All subscribe to a stage model of development. 
C)  All emphasize environmental influences more than biological influences on development. 
D)  All attempt to explain and describe basic cognitive processes such as sensation, perception, and attention. 
A)  All agree that a complex system of mental rules underlies cognitive performance. 
B)  All subscribe to a stage model of development. 
C)  All emphasize environmental influences more than biological influences on development. 
D)  All attempt to explain and describe basic cognitive processes such as sensation, perception, and attention.

Question 18

Which of the following is the least mature mnemonic strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeating the times-tables over and over again 
B)  Grouping to-be-remembered items into categories 
C)  Staring at and putting one's finger on a cup that momentarily covers the toy whose movements must be tracked 
D)  Linking a new, to-be-remembered item to a familiar image or story 
A)  Repeating the times-tables over and over again 
B)  Grouping to-be-remembered items into categories 
C)  Staring at and putting one's finger on a cup that momentarily covers the toy whose movements must be tracked 
D)  Linking a new, to-be-remembered item to a familiar image or story

Question 19

The mechanisms of cognitive change favoured by information processing theorists include

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibration and adaptation. 
B)  automatization, strategy construction, and strategy selection. 
C)  assimilation and accommodation. 
D)  imitation, modelling, and reinforcement. 
A)  equilibration and adaptation. 
B)  automatization, strategy construction, and strategy selection. 
C)  assimilation and accommodation. 
D)  imitation, modelling, and reinforcement.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children are less accurate than adults in identifying perpetrators in police line-ups 
B)  Children are more accurate than adults in identifying perpetrators in police line-ups 
C)  Children are just as accurate as adults in identifying perpetrators in police line-ups 
D)  Children's memory capacity does not develop until the age of 12 
A)  Children are less accurate than adults in identifying perpetrators in police line-ups 
B)  Children are more accurate than adults in identifying perpetrators in police line-ups 
C)  Children are just as accurate as adults in identifying perpetrators in police line-ups 
D)  Children's memory capacity does not develop until the age of 12

We can learn a lot about newborn memory capabilities through __________ studies.

Flavie is 2 months old. Her parents have bought her a new play mat that includes a mobile. When kicked, the mobile will light up and play music. Which of the following statements is true?

Habituation studies have been relied on to investigate the information processing abilities of nonverbal infants. Dishabituation or the __________ informs researchers about the infant's recognition memory.

Connectionist computer programs take the form of

Discuss constructive memory and how it has been assessed. How does what we know about constructive memory have relevance to eyewitness memory?

For the purposes of eyewitness testimonies, recall inaccuracies in children can be reduced by using

The min strategy involves

Why is it difficult to assess recall memory during infancy? Discuss the research that suggests that infants under two years of age do have recall memory.

Discuss at least 2 different methods of examining executive functions and discuss why it is important to test such functions. What is the everyday application of these functions?

Which activities involve the psychological processes studied by information processing researchers?

When asked how many items from a list of 10 they would be able to recall, more than half of the preschoolers and kindergarteners asked responded with an estimate of

Studies that demonstrate newborns prefer to listen to stories and languages they were exposed to in utero provide evidence that very young infants are capable of

Matthew, a 14-month-old, has just watched his first deer hunting movie with his father. Research suggests that

Discuss what is meant by encoding, automatization, strategy construction, and strategy selection.

The habituation paradigm is used to test _______ in infants.

The microgenetic technique is to the longitudinal approach as a

What do information processing approaches have in common with Piaget's theory?

Which of the following is the least mature mnemonic strategy?

The mechanisms of cognitive change favoured by information processing theorists include

Which of the following statements is true?

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters

Exam 9: Cognitive Development: The Information-Processing Approach

We can learn a lot about newborn memory capabilities through __________ studies.

Flavie is 2 months old. Her parents have bought her a new play mat that includes a mobile. When kicked, the mobile will light up and play music. Which of the following statements is true?

Habituation studies have been relied on to investigate the information processing abilities of nonverbal infants. Dishabituation or the __________ informs researchers about the infant's recognition memory.

Connectionist computer programs take the form of

Discuss constructive memory and how it has been assessed. How does what we know about constructive memory have relevance to eyewitness memory?

For the purposes of eyewitness testimonies, recall inaccuracies in children can be reduced by using

The min strategy involves

Why is it difficult to assess recall memory during infancy? Discuss the research that suggests that infants under two years of age do have recall memory.

Discuss at least 2 different methods of examining executive functions and discuss why it is important to test such functions. What is the everyday application of these functions?

Which activities involve the psychological processes studied by information processing researchers?

When asked how many items from a list of 10 they would be able to recall, more than half of the preschoolers and kindergarteners asked responded with an estimate of

Studies that demonstrate newborns prefer to listen to stories and languages they were exposed to in utero provide evidence that very young infants are capable of

Matthew, a 14-month-old, has just watched his first deer hunting movie with his father. Research suggests that

Discuss what is meant by encoding, automatization, strategy construction, and strategy selection.

The habituation paradigm is used to test _______ in infants.

The microgenetic technique is to the longitudinal approach as a

What do information processing approaches have in common with Piaget's theory?

Which of the following is the least mature mnemonic strategy?

The mechanisms of cognitive change favoured by information processing theorists include

Which of the following statements is true?

Background and Theories

Research Methods

Genetics: The Biological Context of Development

Prenatal Development

Physical Development: Birth, Motor Skills, and Growth

Neural and Brain Development

Language Development

Sensory and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches

Intelligence and Schooling

Early Social and Emotional Development

Development of the Self

Moral Development

Families and Peers

Gender-Role Development and Sex Differences

Filters