Exam 14: Basic Data Analysis

The distribution of the dependent variable determines which marginal total will serve as a base for computing percentages.

Combining the data from adjacent categories of a Likert-scale item is a common form of data transformation.

A significance level is a critical probability associated with a statistical hypothesis test that indicates how likely it is that an inference supporting a difference between an observed value and some statistical expectation is true.

When a third variable is included in an analysis and that third variable changes the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable in an important way,the third variable is called a(n)____.

All statistics that are appropriate to use for higher-order scales are also appropriate to use with lower-order scales.

The arrangement of data into a row-and-column format that gives the number of responses for each category of the variable is known as a(n)____________________ table.

The t-test is appropriate for small sample sizes with unknown standard deviations.

A planogram is a graphical way of showing the frequency distribution in which the height of a bar corresponds to the frequency of a category.

Scores or observations recalibrated to indicate how they relate to a base number are called ____________________ numbers.

A Type II error occurs when the researcher rejects the null hypothesis when,in fact,it is true.

Compare and contrast Type I errors and Type II errors and explain which one is of more concern to researchers.

The appropriate test to use for hypotheses involving an observed mean compared to specified value is the univariate ____________________.

Suppose 60 males are asked if they recognize the brand name,"Focus," and 35 of them correctly identify the product as a model of Ford's product line.The proportion of the sample who recognize this brand name is approximately ____.

Failing to identify a hypothesized difference using a sample result when a difference really does exist in the population is a ____ error.

Cross-tabulation allows the inspection and comparison of differences among groups based on nominal or ordinal categories.