Exam 6: Experimentation and Causal Research

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In a short essay,list and discuss the three specific preexperimental designs.

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A design in which a single group of subjects is exposed to a treatment (X),and then a single measurement on the dependent variable is taken (O₁)is called a(n)________.

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Individuals,organizations,or other entities whose responses to independent variables or treatments being studied are called ________.

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The ________ is a two-group experimental design in which one of the groups acts as a control group,the subjects are not assigned randomly,and measurements are made on both groups following the treatment.

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With experimental designs,it is possible to control for some of the extraneous variables.

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Field experiments feature which of the following?

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A random sample of respondents would be distributed randomly,half to the experimental group and half to the control group.A pretest questionnaire would be administered to the respondents in both groups to obtain a measurement on attitudes toward Pepsi advertising,brand,and celebrity; only the respondents in the experimental group would be exposed to the TV program containing the Pepsi commercial.Then,a questionnaire would be administered to respondents in both groups to obtain posttest measures on attitudes toward Pepsi advertising,brand,and celebrity.Which of the following experimental designs best represents the above scenario?

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Limitations of experiments include which of the following?

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As compared to the field,experimentation in social media offers the advantages of ease of implementation and lower cost.

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Validity takes place when the occurrence of X increases the probability of the occurrence of Y.

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Concomitant variation occurs when the presumed cause and presumed effect are both present and both vary in a manner predicted by the researcher's hypothesis.

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All of the following are good examples of independent variables EXCEPT ________.

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In a short essay,define internal validity and external validity and discuss the difference between each type of validity.

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A laboratory environment involves measurement of behavior,attitudes,or perceptions in the environment in which they occur.

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Variables other than the independent variables that influence the response of the test units are called ________.

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A preexperimental design in which a single group of test units is exposed to a treatment X,and then a single measurement on the dependent variable is taken,is called the one-shot case study.

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In the virtual world,it is more complex but much less costly to manipulate the independent variable and control for mediating variables than it is in the real world.

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Experimental design is the set of experimental procedures specifying the test units and sampling procedures and all of the following EXCEPT specifying ________.

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True experimental designs include the pretest-posttest control group design and the posttest-only control group design.

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A ________ involves measurement of behavior,attitudes,or perceptions in the environment in which they occur.

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