Exam 14: The Urinary System

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Increased renin secretion _____ angiotensin I activation.

Substances enter renal tubules from the blood through the processes called ________________ and __________________; whereas, substance leave the kidney tubules and enter the blood through the process called ____________________.

Sodium reabsorption in the distal portions of the nephron is stimulated by

The kidneys keep the urine volume and composition essentially constant.

Match the renal function with the correct characteristic. a.Movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen b.Movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen c.Everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed d.Movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood -Urine excretion

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic. a.Collecting tubules empty into this structure b.Stores the urine c.Passage of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen d.Carries blood to the glomerulus e.Tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.Passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.Collects the glomerular filtrate i.Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.Functional unit of the kidney k.Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.Tube through which urine leaves the body n.Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -Renal pelvis

Each nephron consists of a ________ component and a __________ component.

Tubular reabsorption

The receptor sites for vasopressin binding are located on the basolateral border, yet the end result is an increase in H₂O permeability of the luminal border of the tubular cells.

Match the renal function with the correct characteristic. a.Movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen b.Movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen c.Everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed d.Movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood -Glomerular filtration

Urine is eliminated from the bladder through the ____________________.

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption. a.Sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules b.Sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule c.Sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle -Is subject to hormonal control

The average rate of urine formation is 1 ml/min.

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic. a.Collecting tubules empty into this structure b.Stores the urine c.Passage of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen d.Carries blood to the glomerulus e.Tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.Passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.Collects the glomerular filtrate i.Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.Functional unit of the kidney k.Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.Tube through which urine leaves the body n.Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -Glomerulus

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic. a.Collecting tubules empty into this structure b.Stores the urine c.Passage of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen d.Carries blood to the glomerulus e.Tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.Passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.Collects the glomerular filtrate i.Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.Functional unit of the kidney k.Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.Tube through which urine leaves the body n.Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -Nephron

When tubular fluid enters the distal tubule it is hypotonic.

The two regions of the kidney are an outer ____________________ and an inner ____________________.

The blood that flows through the kidneys is

During the micturition reflex, the motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter is stimulated.

Which of the following is not part of the nephron?