Exam 14: The Urinary System

Indicate whether the portion of the tubule in question is permeable or impermeable to the substance in question using the following answer code. a.permeable b.impermeable c.permeable, permeable d.permeable, impermeable e.impermeable, impermeable -The vasa recta is ______ to salt and ______ to H₂O.

Below is a listing of nephron components and associated structures. 1)descending limb of loop of Henle 2)bowman's capsule 3)collecting tubule 4)ascending limb of loop of Henle 5)distal tubule 6)proximal tubule Indicate the correct flow of filtrate through these structures.

Vasopressin is also known as ____________________, indicative of its effect on the kidneys.

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na⁺, which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.

The maximum normal glucose concentration in the plasma is about ____ mg per 100 ml.

The ____________________ transforms many foreign organic compounds into ionic form, which facilitates their elimination from the body because such conversion enables them to be secreted by the transport system.

Tubular secretion

Match the renal function with the correct characteristic. a.Movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen b.Movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen c.Everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed d.Movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood -Tubular secretion

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic. a.Collecting tubules empty into this structure b.Stores the urine c.Passage of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen d.Carries blood to the glomerulus e.Tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.Passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.Collects the glomerular filtrate i.Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.Functional unit of the kidney k.Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.Tube through which urine leaves the body n.Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -Distal and collecting capillaries tubules

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Increased osmolarity of body fluids _____ vasopressin secretion.

Match the renal function with the correct characteristic. a.Movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen b.Movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen c.Everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed d.Movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood -Tubular reabsorption

If a substance is filtered and reabsorbed but not secreted, its plasma clearance rate is always less than the GFR.

The energy requirement for glucose reabsorption is used to

Water reabsorption occurs

GFR = ____________________ x ____________________.

Water reabsorption occurs in the descending limb of the loop of Henle but not in the ascending limb.

Which factor would reduce the net filtration pressure the most?

Which of the following does not contribute to the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla?

Plasma clearance is the

Match the urinary system feature with the correct characteristic. a.urea b.creatinine c.uric acid d.Na+ e.glucose -Protein metabolite of skeletal muscle tissue