Exam 14: The Urinary System

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is the same as in capillaries elsewhere in the body.

The driving force for H₂O reabsorption across all permeable segments of the kidney tubule is an osmotic gradient.

Indicate which substance in the top column undergoes the process in the lower column by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.K+ b.glucose c.inulin d.plasma protein e.urea f.H+ -Filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed

The functional unit of the kidneys is the ____________________.

Urea is

Glomerulus: Location ____________________ Function(s) ____________________

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption. a.Sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules b.Sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule c.Sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle -Represents 25 percent of Na⁺ reabsorbed

In general, the substances in the filtrate that need to be conserved are selectively reabsorbed whereas the unwanted substances that need to be eliminated fail to be reabsorbed.

If a kidney stone blocked the renal pelvis and consequently caused a build-up of fluid pressure in the tubules and Bowman's capsule, the net filtration pressure across the glomerular capillary membrane would increase.

Each tuft of glomerular capillaries is held together by ____________________ cells.

Which of the following statements about juxtamedullary nephrons is incorrect?

The glomerular capillary blood pressure in the nephron is 78 mm Hg.The Bowman's capsular hydrostatic pressure is 24 mm Hg.The colloidal osmotic pressure is 18 mm Hg.The net filtration pressure is ____ mm Hg.

If the plasma concentration of substance X is 200 mg/100 ml and the GFR is 125 ml/min, the filtered load of this substance is ____________________.

Increasing the volume of urine within the urinary bladder from 100 ml to 200 ml would have very little effect on the hydrostatic pressure within the bladder.

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

Aldosterone promotes water reabsorption by controlling the reabsorption of salt.

Ascending limb Location ____________________ Function(s) ____________________

Tm is the maximum

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic. a.Collecting tubules empty into this structure b.Stores the urine c.Passage of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen d.Carries blood to the glomerulus e.Tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.Passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.Collects the glomerular filtrate i.Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.Functional unit of the kidney k.Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.Tube through which urine leaves the body n.Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -Glomerular filtration

Which of the following does not occur during the micturition reflex in a baby?