Exam 14: The Urinary System

When a substance is reabsorbed, it moves from the tubular fluid into the peritubular capillaries.

Indicate which substance in the top column undergoes the process in the lower column by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.K+ b.glucose c.inulin d.plasma protein e.urea f.H+ -Filtered and both actively reabsorbed and actively secreted

A rise in ECF K⁺ concentration leads to increased excitability of heart muscle, possibly producing fatal cardiac arrhythmias.

What are the pathological effects of renal failure?

Tubular ____________________ and tubular ____________________ are selective processes that occur in the nephron.

For a substance to be actively reabsorbed, all of the steps of transepithelial transport require energy expenditure.

The ____ and ____ enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes depending on the body's needs.

Tubular reabsorption involves

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Increased vasopressin secretion _____ urinary output.

The plasma clearance of the organic anion ____________________ acid is equal to the renal plasma flow.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Decreased vasopressin secretion _____ H₂O reabsorption.

The glomerular filtrate

Tubular maximum (Tm)

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Increased vasopressin secretion _____ Na⁺ reabsorption.

The Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure opposes filtration.

Extrinsic control of the GFR

Urea is passively reabsorbed down the osmotic gradient created by active Na⁺ reabsorption.

The amount of glucose reabsorbed is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic. a.Collecting tubules empty into this structure b.Stores the urine c.Passage of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen d.Carries blood to the glomerulus e.Tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.Passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.Collects the glomerular filtrate i.Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.Functional unit of the kidney k.Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.Tube through which urine leaves the body n.Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -Ureter

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic. a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -Is secreted from the granular cells of the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus