Question 1

Contraction of mesangial cells closes off a portion of the filtering capillaries, which leads to a decrease in GFR if the filtration pressure remains unchanged.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Autoregulation is important in preventing unintentional shifts in the GFR that could lead to dangerous imbalances of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The macula densa

Accepted Answer

A) consists of specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus 
B) consists of specialized arteriolar smooth-muscle cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus 
C) secretes renin 
D) has characteristics a and b 
E) has characteristics b and c 
A) consists of specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus 
B) consists of specialized arteriolar smooth-muscle cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus 
C) secretes renin 
D) has characteristics a and b 
E) has characteristics b and c

Question 4

Which of the following is least related to the site where filtrate forms in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) filtration slit 
B) vasa recta 
C) pedicel 
D) glomerulus 
E) podocyte 
A) filtration slit 
B) vasa recta 
C) pedicel 
D) glomerulus 
E) podocyte

Question 5

Filtrate passes through all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular capillary pores 
B) basement membrane 
C) cytoplasm of podocytes 
D) filtration slits 
E) Bowman's capsule 
A) glomerular capillary pores 
B) basement membrane 
C) cytoplasm of podocytes 
D) filtration slits 
E) Bowman's capsule

Question 6

Which statement about the medullary vertical osmotic gradient is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Juxtamedullary nephrons create the gradient through countercurrent multiplication. 
B) Vasa recta supply blood to the medulla while conserving the gradient. 
C) Collecting tubules of juxtamedullary nephrons, but not cortical nephrons, descend through the gradient before emptying into the renal pelvis. 
D) The gradient permits excretion of urine of differing concentrations by means of vasopressin-controlled, variable H2O reabsorption from the final tubular segments. 
E) None of the above statements are incorrect. 
A) Juxtamedullary nephrons create the gradient through countercurrent multiplication. 
B) Vasa recta supply blood to the medulla while conserving the gradient. 
C) Collecting tubules of juxtamedullary nephrons, but not cortical nephrons, descend through the gradient before emptying into the renal pelvis. 
D) The gradient permits excretion of urine of differing concentrations by means of vasopressin-controlled, variable H2O reabsorption from the final tubular segments. 
E) None of the above statements are incorrect.

Question 7

____________________% of the renal tissue can adequately perform all excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________% of the renal tissue can adequately...

Question 8

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Accepted Answer

A) secretes renin in response to sodium depletion in the filtrate 
B) is a thickened region of specialized cells at a point where the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron 
C) secretes renin in response to a drop in afferent arteriole blood pressure 
D) secretes renin in response to sympathetic impulses 
E) has all of the above characteristics 
A) secretes renin in response to sodium depletion in the filtrate 
B) is a thickened region of specialized cells at a point where the distal tubule comes into intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron 
C) secretes renin in response to a drop in afferent arteriole blood pressure 
D) secretes renin in response to sympathetic impulses 
E) has all of the above characteristics

Question 9

The presence of vasopressin acts to prevent the reabsorption of water from the distal and collecting tubules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is a potential consequence of kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A) cardiac disturbances 
B) skeletal abnormalities 
C) anemia 
D) acidosis 
E) All of the above 
A) cardiac disturbances 
B) skeletal abnormalities 
C) anemia 
D) acidosis 
E) All of the above

Question 11

Vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A) is produced in the hypothalamus 
B) increases the permeability of the distal and collecting tubules to water 
C) secretion is stimulated by a water deficit in the body 
D) promotes water reabsorption 
E) has all of the above characteristics 
A) is produced in the hypothalamus 
B) increases the permeability of the distal and collecting tubules to water 
C) secretion is stimulated by a water deficit in the body 
D) promotes water reabsorption 
E) has all of the above characteristics

Question 12

All of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is normally filtered into Bowman's capsule except for the plasma proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

When blood volume becomes abnormally low,

Accepted Answer

A) sodium reabsorption decreases 
B) more dilute urine forms 
C) renin catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I 
D) aldosterone is secreted by the kidney 
E) all of the above occur 
A) sodium reabsorption decreases 
B) more dilute urine forms 
C) renin catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I 
D) aldosterone is secreted by the kidney 
E) all of the above occur

Question 14

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic.
a.renin
b.angiotensinogen
c.angiotensin I
d.angiotensin II
e.aldosterone
f.atrial natriuretic peptide
-Is secreted by the adrenal cortex

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the chemicals below with the correct...

Question 15

The force that favors filtration is the ___________ pressure, while the two forces that oppose filtration are the _____________ pressure and the ______________ pressure.

Accepted Answer

Glomerular capillary

Question 16

The plasma clearance of the harmless foreign compound called ____________________ is equal to the GFR.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The plasma clearance of the harmless foreign...

Contraction of mesangial cells closes off a portion of the filtering capillaries, which leads to a decrease in GFR if the filtration pressure remains unchanged.

Autoregulation is important in preventing unintentional shifts in the GFR that could lead to dangerous imbalances of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes.

The macula densa

Which of the following is least related to the site where filtrate forms in the kidney?

Filtrate passes through all of the following except

Which statement about the medullary vertical osmotic gradient is incorrect?

____________________% of the renal tissue can adequately perform all excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

The presence of vasopressin acts to prevent the reabsorption of water from the distal and collecting tubules.

Which of the following is a potential consequence of kidney disease?

Vasopressin

All of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is normally filtered into Bowman's capsule except for the plasma proteins.

When blood volume becomes abnormally low,

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic. a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -Is secreted by the adrenal cortex

The force that favors filtration is the _____ pressure, while the two forces that oppose filtration are the _ pressure and the ________ pressure.

The plasma clearance of the harmless foreign compound called ____________________ is equal to the GFR.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 14: The Urinary System

Contraction of mesangial cells closes off a portion of the filtering capillaries, which leads to a decrease in GFR if the filtration pressure remains unchanged.

Autoregulation is important in preventing unintentional shifts in the GFR that could lead to dangerous imbalances of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes.

The macula densa

Which of the following is least related to the site where filtrate forms in the kidney?

Filtrate passes through all of the following except

Which statement about the medullary vertical osmotic gradient is incorrect?

____________________% of the renal tissue can adequately perform all excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

The presence of vasopressin acts to prevent the reabsorption of water from the distal and collecting tubules.

Which of the following is a potential consequence of kidney disease?

Vasopressin

All of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is normally filtered into Bowman's capsule except for the plasma proteins.

When blood volume becomes abnormally low,

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic. a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -Is secreted by the adrenal cortex

The force that favors filtration is the ___________ pressure, while the two forces that oppose filtration are the _____________ pressure and the ______________ pressure.

The plasma clearance of the harmless foreign compound called ____________________ is equal to the GFR.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

The force that favors filtration is the _____ pressure, while the two forces that oppose filtration are the _ pressure and the ________ pressure.