Exam 14: The Urinary System

Indicate whether the factor in question would ultimately lead to an increase or a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. a.an increase in Na+ reabsorption b.a decrease in Na+ reabsorption -A reduction in ECF volume

Which of the following statements about the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is correct?

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic. a.Collecting tubules empty into this structure b.Stores the urine c.Passage of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen d.Carries blood to the glomerulus e.Tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.Passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.Collects the glomerular filtrate i.Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.Functional unit of the kidney k.Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.Tube through which urine leaves the body n.Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -Proximal tubule

The distal and collecting tubules are the site of

When the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic, the tubular secretion of

The external urethral sphincter is reinforced by a skeletal muscle sheet called the ____________.

Juxtaglomerular apparatus Location ____________________ Function(s) ____________________

Indicate whether the portion of the tubule in question is permeable or impermeable to the substance in question using the following answer code. a.permeable b.impermeable c.permeable, permeable d.permeable, impermeable e.impermeable, impermeable -The distal and collecting tubules in the absence of vasopressin are ______ to H₂O.

Autoregulation of the GFR is accomplished by activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

The smooth muscle of the bladder is innervated by parasympathetic fibers.

Which of the following is involved in autoregulation of the GFR?

The micturition reflex is initiated by stimulating ____________________ receptors in the bladder.

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic. a.Collecting tubules empty into this structure b.Stores the urine c.Passage of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen d.Carries blood to the glomerulus e.Tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.Passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.Collects the glomerular filtrate i.Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.Functional unit of the kidney k.Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.Tube through which urine leaves the body n.Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -Tubular reabsorption

Normal urine flow is from the renal pelvis to the ureter.

Transepithelial transport occurs only for substances that are actively reabsorbed.

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron

Because of countercurrent multiplication, the loop of Henle is able to establish a vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla up to 1,200 mOsm/liter, despite the fact that the active salt pump of the ascending limb is only able to produce a 200 mOsm/liter osmotic gradient at each horizontal level.

Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters passively by the force of gravity.

Micturition

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic. a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -Is a potent constrictor of arterioles