Exam 14: The Urinary System

Vasopressin increases H₂O reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle

A plasma clearance of 135 ml/min for a substance when the GFR is 125 ml/min indicates that net secretion of the substance occurs.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

The osmoreceptors contributing to water balance are located in the

The kidneys receive a disproportionately large share of the cardiac output for the purpose of adjusting and purifying the plasma.

Match the urinary system feature with the correct characteristic. a.urea b.creatinine c.uric acid d.Na+ e.glucose -Reabsorbed when H⁺ is secreted

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic. a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -Stimulates K⁺ secretion by the distal and collecting tubules

Indicate whether the factor in question would ultimately lead to an increase or a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. a.an increase in Na+ reabsorption b.a decrease in Na+ reabsorption -A reduction in total Na⁺ load in the body

The glomerular filtrate contains all of the protein normally found in blood plasma.

Which nephron structure is especially important in the kidney's ability to produce urine of varying concentration?

The peritubular capillaries

The glomerular capillary wall contains filtration slits formed by the clefts between the foot processes of adjacent podocytes.

Atrial natriuretic peptide

One can deliberately prevent urination in spite of the micturition reflex by voluntarily inhibiting the parasympathetic supply to the bladder to halt bladder contraction.

Describe the countercurrent multiplication phenomenon in juxtamedullary nephrons and its contribution to water conservation in the kidneys.

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is higher than capillary pressure elsewhere in the body, primarily because the afferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole.

The specialized cells of the ____________________, located within the ____________________, detect changes in the rate at which fluid is flowing past them through the distal tubule.In response, they secrete vasoactive chemicals that influence the GFR by making adjustments in the caliber of the ____________________ arterioles.This is known as the ____________________ feedback mechanism.

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic. a.Collecting tubules empty into this structure b.Stores the urine c.Passage of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen d.Carries blood to the glomerulus e.Tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.Passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.Collects the glomerular filtrate i.Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.Functional unit of the kidney k.Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.Tube through which urine leaves the body n.Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -Urinary bladder

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction ____ blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to ____, leading to a(n) ____ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant ____ in the GFR.