Exam 14: The Urinary System

Excretion

____________________ are water channels in the tubular cells of the nephron.

Which statement is incorrect?

Under normal conditions, ___________ is the only plasma protein that might be found in the urine, due to its small size, but it is rarely found in the urine.

The amount of glucose filtered is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

Select the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism.

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic. a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -Directly stimulates Na⁺ reabsorption by the distal and collecting tubules

Given the following data for substance X (GFR = 125 ml/min, Tm = 125 mg/min, at a plasma concentration of 200 mg/100 ml), how much of substance X is filtered, reabsorbed, and excreted?

The vertical osmotic gradient in the kidney

Descending limb Location ____________________ Function(s) ____________________

Which statement regarding sodium reabsorption is not accurate?

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids (Na⁺ depletion) _____ renin secretion.

____________________ renal failure has a rapid onset but may be reversible; ____________________ renal failure is slow, progressive, and irreversible.

Tubular secretion is important

The glomerular filtrate contains only substances that are not needed by the body.

By reabsorption, substances leave the tubules of the nephrons and return to the blood in the ____________________.

The greatest percentage of Na⁺ reabsorption takes place in the

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic. a.Collecting tubules empty into this structure b.Stores the urine c.Passage of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen d.Carries blood to the glomerulus e.Tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.Passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.Collects the glomerular filtrate i.Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.Functional unit of the kidney k.Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.Tube through which urine leaves the body n.Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -Urethra

Indicate which substance in the top column undergoes the process in the lower column by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.K+ b.glucose c.inulin d.plasma protein e.urea f.H+ -Not filtered

The sympathetic nervous system's primary influence on the kidney is to cause dilation of the efferent arterioles.