Question 1

The epithelial lining of the bladder passively stretches to accommodate a larger volume during bladder filling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The plasma clearance of a substance can be used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) if that substance is freely filtered at the glomerulus and

Accepted Answer

A) secreted and reabsorbed by the tubules 
B) neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the tubules 
C) secreted by the tubules 
D) reabsorbed by the tubules 
E) None of the above correctly completes the sentence. 
A) secreted and reabsorbed by the tubules 
B) neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the tubules 
C) secreted by the tubules 
D) reabsorbed by the tubules 
E) None of the above correctly completes the sentence.

Question 3

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic.
a.renin
b.angiotensinogen
c.angiotensin I
d.angiotensin II
e.aldosterone
f.atrial natriuretic peptide
-Is acted upon by renin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the chemicals below with the correct...

Question 4

The osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid always equilibrates with the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Vasopressin secretion

Accepted Answer

A) induces the kidneys to produce a small volume of concentrated urine 
B) is stimulated when the body fluids are hypertonic 
C) is inhibited when the arterial blood pressure is dangerously low 
D) has characteristics a and b 
E) has characteristics b and c 
A) induces the kidneys to produce a small volume of concentrated urine 
B) is stimulated when the body fluids are hypertonic 
C) is inhibited when the arterial blood pressure is dangerously low 
D) has characteristics a and b 
E) has characteristics b and c

Question 6

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic.
a.renin
b.angiotensinogen
c.angiotensin I
d.angiotensin II
e.aldosterone
f.atrial natriuretic peptide
-Its secretion is directly stimulated by angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the chemicals below with the correct...

Question 7

Angiotensin I

Accepted Answer

A) is formed as a result of activation of angiotensinogen by renin 
B) is transformed into angiotensin II as a result of converting enzyme action in the lungs 
C) is the primary stimulus for the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands 
D) is both a and b 
E) is both a and c 
A) is formed as a result of activation of angiotensinogen by renin 
B) is transformed into angiotensin II as a result of converting enzyme action in the lungs 
C) is the primary stimulus for the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands 
D) is both a and b 
E) is both a and c

Question 8

Choose a correct sequence for a water molecule making one pass through a kidney? (Some steps may have been omitted)

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus, descending limb, Bowman's capsule 
B) renal vein, vasa recta, renal pelvis 
C) peritubular capillary, distal tubule, ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
D) descending limp of the loop of Henle, distal tubule, renal pelvis 
E) Bowman's capsule, collecting duct, distal tubule 
A) glomerulus, descending limb, Bowman's capsule 
B) renal vein, vasa recta, renal pelvis 
C) peritubular capillary, distal tubule, ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
D) descending limp of the loop of Henle, distal tubule, renal pelvis 
E) Bowman's capsule, collecting duct, distal tubule

Question 9

____________________ is an actively reabsorbed ion that does not have a tubular maximum for reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is an actively reabsorbed ion that...

Question 10

In the tubular segments permeable to H₂O, solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H₂O reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is reabsorbed by the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A) sodium 
B) amino acids 
C) glucose 
D) All of the above 
E) None of the above 
A) sodium 
B) amino acids 
C) glucose 
D) All of the above 
E) None of the above

Question 12

The permeability and transport properties of the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are important in establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid are detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A) can completely halt urine production during periods of water deprivation to conserve water for the body 
B) activates the cyclic AMP second-messenger system within the tubular cells 
C) renders the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water 
D) increases Na+ reabsorption by the distal portions of the nephron 
E) stimulates cells of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to establish the medullary vertical osmotic gradient 
A) can completely halt urine production during periods of water deprivation to conserve water for the body 
B) activates the cyclic AMP second-messenger system within the tubular cells 
C) renders the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water 
D) increases Na+ reabsorption by the distal portions of the nephron 
E) stimulates cells of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to establish the medullary vertical osmotic gradient

Question 15

Because of autoregulation, changes in mean arterial blood pressure between the range of 80 to 180 mm Hg do not directly produce changes in the GFR.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Only juxtamedullary nephrons contain a juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Indicate which substance in the top column undergoes the process in the lower column by writing the appropriate letter in the blank.
a.K+
b.glucose
c.inulin
d.plasma protein
e.urea
f.H+
-Filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indicate which substance in the top column...

Question 18

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic.
a.Collecting tubules empty into this structure
b.Stores the urine
c.Passage of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen
d.Carries blood to the glomerulus
e.Tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
f.Passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
g.Urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
h.Collects the glomerular filtrate
i.Passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
j.Functional unit of the kidney
k.Supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
l.Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
m.Tube through which urine leaves the body
n.Variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
o.Responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
p.Glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here
-Loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the renal structure or activity with...

Question 19

Filtration does not occur within

Accepted Answer

A) the kidney's cortex 
B) cortical nephrons 
C) juxtamedullary nephrons 
D) the juxtaglomerular apparatus 
E) a or b 
A) the kidney's cortex 
B) cortical nephrons 
C) juxtamedullary nephrons 
D) the juxtaglomerular apparatus 
E) a or b

Question 20

A step that is not part of transepithelial transport would be the movement of a substance

Accepted Answer

A) through the cytosol of the tubular cell 
B) across the glomerular capillary wall 
C) across the luminal membrane of the tubular cell 
D) through the interstitial fluid 
E) across the basolateral membrane of the tubular cell 
A) through the cytosol of the tubular cell 
B) across the glomerular capillary wall 
C) across the luminal membrane of the tubular cell 
D) through the interstitial fluid 
E) across the basolateral membrane of the tubular cell

The epithelial lining of the bladder passively stretches to accommodate a larger volume during bladder filling.

The plasma clearance of a substance can be used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) if that substance is freely filtered at the glomerulus and

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic. a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -Is acted upon by renin

The osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid always equilibrates with the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Vasopressin secretion

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic. a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -Its secretion is directly stimulated by angiotensin II

Angiotensin I

Choose a correct sequence for a water molecule making one pass through a kidney? (Some steps may have been omitted)

____________________ is an actively reabsorbed ion that does not have a tubular maximum for reabsorption.

In the tubular segments permeable to H₂O, solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H₂O reabsorption.

Which of the following is reabsorbed by the proximal tubule?

The permeability and transport properties of the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are important in establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla.

Changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid are detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Vasopressin

Because of autoregulation, changes in mean arterial blood pressure between the range of 80 to 180 mm Hg do not directly produce changes in the GFR.

Only juxtamedullary nephrons contain a juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Indicate which substance in the top column undergoes the process in the lower column by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.K+ b.glucose c.inulin d.plasma protein e.urea f.H+ -Filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted

Filtration does not occur within

A step that is not part of transepithelial transport would be the movement of a substance

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

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Exam 14: The Urinary System

The epithelial lining of the bladder passively stretches to accommodate a larger volume during bladder filling.

The plasma clearance of a substance can be used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) if that substance is freely filtered at the glomerulus and

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic. a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -Is acted upon by renin

The osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid always equilibrates with the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Vasopressin secretion

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic. a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -Its secretion is directly stimulated by angiotensin II

Angiotensin I

Choose a correct sequence for a water molecule making one pass through a kidney? (Some steps may have been omitted)

____________________ is an actively reabsorbed ion that does not have a tubular maximum for reabsorption.

In the tubular segments permeable to H₂O, solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H₂O reabsorption.

Which of the following is reabsorbed by the proximal tubule?

The permeability and transport properties of the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are important in establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla.

Changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid are detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Vasopressin

Because of autoregulation, changes in mean arterial blood pressure between the range of 80 to 180 mm Hg do not directly produce changes in the GFR.

Only juxtamedullary nephrons contain a juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Indicate which substance in the top column undergoes the process in the lower column by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.K+ b.glucose c.inulin d.plasma protein e.urea f.H+ -Filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted

Filtration does not occur within

A step that is not part of transepithelial transport would be the movement of a substance

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters