Exam 3: Microbial Metabolism

A bacterium that lacks an arginine biosynthetic pathway would still be able to make proteins with arginine and grow only if arginine is supplemented into the growth medium.

During the electron transport process,protons and electrons become physically separated in the cell membrane.

All of the following are non-protein electron carriers EXCEPT

A beer-making microbiologist noticed that no matter how long the brewing process went,3% alcohol was the maximum produced.Hypothesize what is causing this low level of alcohol in reference to the brewer's recipe and recommend how a higher alcohol yield could be achieved.Ethanol is toxic at high concentrations,but ignore this factor to focus on microbial metabolism.

Aseptic technique refers to

Which intermediate compound(s)in the citric acid cycle is/are often used for biosynthetic pathways as well as carbon catabolism?

To ensure growth of a newly discovered bacterium with unknown nutritional requirements,it would be best to begin with a ________ medium rather than a ________ medium.

Hypothetically,if electron pools existed in sufficient numbers for enzymes to use in metabolic reactions,

Microbial growth on the two-carbon acetate substrate invokes

In aerobic respiration,the final electron acceptor is

Cells require iron supplemented in their growth medium as a trace metal,because it is consumed by quinones during electron transport for ATP production.

Based on your understanding of metabolism,generalize when an enzyme's rate of activity can be changed.

Consider a pizza dough made by vigorously mixing to form gluten and evenly disperse the ingredients such as baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).Predict the metabolic differences yeast would have in a thinly flattened dough and in a spherical dough ball.

Due to the number of phosphate groups,ATP has approximately three times more energy stored than AMP,and ADP has approximately two-thirds the energy stored of ATP.

Biosynthesis of glucose can occur by compounds other than sugars via gluconeogenesis.

Which two metabolic processes are MOST dissimilar?

Many defined growth media that support microbial growth lack malonate,which is an important precursor for biosynthesis of lipid membranes.Based on this,we can infer cells also must have a metabolic pathway to generate malonate from other compounds.

Categorize the circumstances under which the same substance (molecule)can be either an electron donor or an electron acceptor.

Five-carbon sugars are used in the

The sum of all biosynthetic reactions in a cell is known as