Question 1

Integration of linear transforming DNA into the chromosome

Accepted Answer

A)  is not required for the expression for the transformed genes. 
B)  is catalyzed by the RecA gene. 
C)  almost never occurs because restriction endonuclease will degrade the DNA before it is integrated. 
D)  only occurs in laboratory-based systems in artificial competent cells. 
A)  is not required for the expression for the transformed genes. 
B)  is catalyzed by the RecA gene. 
C)  almost never occurs because restriction endonuclease will degrade the DNA before it is integrated. 
D)  only occurs in laboratory-based systems in artificial competent cells.

Question 2

The designations Phe⁻,Leu⁻,and Ser⁺ refer to an organism's

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmid type. 
B)  genotype. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  mutation type. 
A)  plasmid type. 
B)  genotype. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  mutation type.

Question 3

Mutation rates are similar in Bacteria and Archaea,yet certain stressful conditions mutation rates increase.Why is the mutation rate not constant and close to zero all of the time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased mutation rates can be advantageous in rapidly changing environments because some random mutations may be useful for survival. 
B)  Microorganisms carefully control the mutation rate of their DNA to match the environmental conditions and maximize evolution. 
C)  The increased mutation rate under stressful conditions is an indication that the microorganisms can no longer replicate their DNA properly and are about to die. 
D)  Constant mutation rates would halt evolution completely. 
A)  Increased mutation rates can be advantageous in rapidly changing environments because some random mutations may be useful for survival. 
B)  Microorganisms carefully control the mutation rate of their DNA to match the environmental conditions and maximize evolution. 
C)  The increased mutation rate under stressful conditions is an indication that the microorganisms can no longer replicate their DNA properly and are about to die. 
D)  Constant mutation rates would halt evolution completely.

Question 4

Which process listed below does NOT require homologous recombination to maintain the new genetic material in the recipient cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugation of an F+ plasmid 
B)  gene transfer through a genetic transfer agent 
C)  transduction by a dsDNA phage Mu 
D)  transformation of a linear piece of DNA 
A)  conjugation of an F+ plasmid 
B)  gene transfer through a genetic transfer agent 
C)  transduction by a dsDNA phage Mu 
D)  transformation of a linear piece of DNA

Question 5

F⁻ strains of Escherichia coli

Accepted Answer

A)  do not have an F factor. 
B)  have the F factor as a plasmid. 
C)  have an integrated F factor. 
D)  transfer the F factor to other strains at a high frequency. 
A)  do not have an F factor. 
B)  have the F factor as a plasmid. 
C)  have an integrated F factor. 
D)  transfer the F factor to other strains at a high frequency.

Question 6

Many Bacteria isolated from nature are natural lysogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A deleterious mutation in recA results in

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in specific recombination. 
B)  a decrease in homologous recombination. 
C)  an increase in homologous recombination. 
D)  no change in either general or specific recombination. 
A)  a decrease in specific recombination. 
B)  a decrease in homologous recombination. 
C)  an increase in homologous recombination. 
D)  no change in either general or specific recombination.

Question 8

The killing of cells by UV irradiation involves

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption at 260 nm by proteins only. 
B)  absorption at 260 nm by RNA only. 
C)  formation of pyrimidine dimers. 
D)  formation of purine dimers. 
A)  absorption at 260 nm by proteins only. 
B)  absorption at 260 nm by RNA only. 
C)  formation of pyrimidine dimers. 
D)  formation of purine dimers.

Question 9

Insertion sequences are found on both ends of transposons and encode for transposase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The production of a functional gene product by transforming bacteria that lack a lacZ gene with a plasmid containing a lacZ gene is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  complementation. 
B)  mitosis. 
C)  transfection. 
D)  reversion. 
A)  complementation. 
B)  mitosis. 
C)  transfection. 
D)  reversion.

Question 11

Why is the outcome of a base-pair substitution mutation variable? List and describe the possible outcomes of a base-pair substitution mutation in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The outcome of a base-pair substitution

Question 12

How might mutations in the dnaQ sequence,whose enzyme is involved in DNA proofreading,be beneficial for a microbe in a highly competitive and dynamic community?

Accepted Answer

Mutations in dnaQ would result in an inc

Question 13

When the F factor is integrated,all Hfr strains have the origin of replication functioning in the same direction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A mutant you made in the laboratory with 5-bromouracil suddenly regains the wild-type phenotype.You discuss this phenomenon with your advisor and colleagues,and they suggest you try transposon mutagenesis to avoid this problem and create stable mutants.Why would mutants created with 5-bromouracil be more likely to regain the wild-type phenotype than mutants created via transposon mutagenesis?

Accepted Answer

Because a point mutation involves only a

Question 15

Which of the following is most similar to lysogeny?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hfr state 
B)  F⁺ state 
C)  F⁻ state 
D)  F' state 
A)  Hfr state 
B)  F⁺ state 
C)  F⁻ state 
D)  F' state

Question 16

A mutant that has a nutritional requirement for growth is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  autotroph. 
B)  auxotroph. 
C)  heterotroph. 
D)  organotroph. 
A)  autotroph. 
B)  auxotroph. 
C)  heterotroph. 
D)  organotroph.

Question 17

Which of the following methods may introduce foreign DNA into a recipient?

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation 
B)  transduction 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transformation, transduction, and conjugation 
A)  transformation 
B)  transduction 
C)  conjugation 
D)  transformation, transduction, and conjugation

Question 18

Lysogeny probably carries a strong selective advantage for the host cell because it

Accepted Answer

A)  prevents cell lysis. 
B)  confers resistance to infection by viruses of the same type. 
C)  confers resistance to infection by viruses of a different type (or strain). 
D)  confers resistance to infection by many virus types and prevent cell lysis. 
A)  prevents cell lysis. 
B)  confers resistance to infection by viruses of the same type. 
C)  confers resistance to infection by viruses of a different type (or strain). 
D)  confers resistance to infection by many virus types and prevent cell lysis.

Question 19

Genetic recombination involving insertion sequences typically results in what type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  base-pair substitution mutation 
B)  silent mutation 
C)  frameshift mutation 
D)  base-pair deletion mutation 
A)  base-pair substitution mutation 
B)  silent mutation 
C)  frameshift mutation 
D)  base-pair deletion mutation

Question 20

Hfr strains of Escherichia coli

Accepted Answer

A)  do not possess an F factor. 
B)  have the F factor as a plasmid. 
C)  have an integrated F factor. 
D)  transfer the complete F factor to recipient cells at a high frequency. 
A)  do not possess an F factor. 
B)  have the F factor as a plasmid. 
C)  have an integrated F factor. 
D)  transfer the complete F factor to recipient cells at a high frequency.

Exam 10: Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Integration of linear transforming DNA into the chromosome

The designations Phe⁻,Leu⁻,and Ser⁺ refer to an organism's

Mutation rates are similar in Bacteria and Archaea,yet certain stressful conditions mutation rates increase.Why is the mutation rate not constant and close to zero all of the time?

Which process listed below does NOT require homologous recombination to maintain the new genetic material in the recipient cell?

F⁻ strains of Escherichia coli

Many Bacteria isolated from nature are natural lysogens.

A deleterious mutation in recA results in

The killing of cells by UV irradiation involves

Insertion sequences are found on both ends of transposons and encode for transposase.

The production of a functional gene product by transforming bacteria that lack a lacZ gene with a plasmid containing a lacZ gene is known as

Why is the outcome of a base-pair substitution mutation variable? List and describe the possible outcomes of a base-pair substitution mutation in your answer.

How might mutations in the dnaQ sequence,whose enzyme is involved in DNA proofreading,be beneficial for a microbe in a highly competitive and dynamic community?

When the F factor is integrated,all Hfr strains have the origin of replication functioning in the same direction.

Which of the following is most similar to lysogeny?

A mutant that has a nutritional requirement for growth is an example of a(n)

Which of the following methods may introduce foreign DNA into a recipient?

Lysogeny probably carries a strong selective advantage for the host cell because it

Genetic recombination involving insertion sequences typically results in what type of mutation?

Hfr strains of Escherichia coli

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