Question 1

The pan genome of a microbial species is constantly changing because of

Accepted Answer

A)  bottleneck events. 
B)  horizontal gene transfer. 
C)  substitutions. 
D)  substitution and bottleneck events. 
A)  bottleneck events. 
B)  horizontal gene transfer. 
C)  substitutions. 
D)  substitution and bottleneck events.

Question 2

Eukaryotes originated after the rise in atmospheric oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Two organisms containing identical GC ratios are not necessarily related.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

One phenotypic trait used for species identification and description is the analysis of the types and proportions of the fatty acids present in the cytoplasmic and outer membranes.The methodology employed is often nicknamed FAME.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

When exposed to UV light,oxygen gas produces ozone gas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

If you allowed 10 identical parallel Salmonella cultures to evolve for 10,000 generations under new growth conditions with very little nitrogen,the parallel cultures would

Accepted Answer

A)  evolve identical adaptations to use the nitrogen source provided in the media. 
B)  not change or adapt very much over this small number of generations. 
C)  each accumulate different random mutations resulting in different adaptations to use the nitrogen in the media. 
D)  direct mutations to occur in nitrogen utilization and uptake genes in order to adapt rapidly to the culture conditions. 
A)  evolve identical adaptations to use the nitrogen source provided in the media. 
B)  not change or adapt very much over this small number of generations. 
C)  each accumulate different random mutations resulting in different adaptations to use the nitrogen in the media. 
D)  direct mutations to occur in nitrogen utilization and uptake genes in order to adapt rapidly to the culture conditions.

Question 7

Which taxonomic tool would scientists use if they wanted to determine if an outbreak of food poisoning was caused by a particular strain of a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluorescence in situ hybridization 
B)  DNA:DNA hybridization 
C)  multilocus sequence typing 
D)  fatty acid methyl ester analysis 
A)  fluorescence in situ hybridization 
B)  DNA:DNA hybridization 
C)  multilocus sequence typing 
D)  fatty acid methyl ester analysis

Question 8

How did cyanobacteria,oxygen,and ozone impact the evolution of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

The first phototrophs on Earth were anox

Question 9

Ribotyping

Accepted Answer

A)  bypasses sequencing and sequence alignments. 
B)  exploits unique DNA restriction patterns. 
C)  allows discrimination between species and different strains of a species. 
D)  bypasses sequencing and sequence alignments, exploits unique DNA restriction patterns, and allows discrimination between species and different strains of a species. 
A)  bypasses sequencing and sequence alignments. 
B)  exploits unique DNA restriction patterns. 
C)  allows discrimination between species and different strains of a species. 
D)  bypasses sequencing and sequence alignments, exploits unique DNA restriction patterns, and allows discrimination between species and different strains of a species.

Question 10

One widely used cladistic method of examining evolutionary relationships is ________,which is based on the assumption that evolution is most likely to have proceeded by the path requiring fewest changes.

Accepted Answer

A)  topology 
B)  neighbor joining 
C)  parsimony 
D)  systematics 
A)  topology 
B)  neighbor joining 
C)  parsimony 
D)  systematics

Question 11

You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample.The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature,so you are excited that it could be a new species.What experiments should you perform to determine if your isolate is truly a new species? What process will you follow to officially name your isolate?

Accepted Answer

Experiments to determine the isolate's c

Question 12

The 16S rRNA sequence is an approximately 1,500 bp linear strand of single stranded RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The first catalytic and self-replication biological molecule was most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  ATP. 
A)  RNA. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  ATP.

Question 14

Microorganisms were probably restricted to the oceans and subsurface environments until

Accepted Answer

A)  aquatic life brought them onto land. 
B)  chemoorganotrophy developed. 
C)  phototrophy evolved. 
D)  the ozone layer was made. 
A)  aquatic life brought them onto land. 
B)  chemoorganotrophy developed. 
C)  phototrophy evolved. 
D)  the ozone layer was made.

Question 15

Based on the phylogenetic tree below,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species E is more closely related to species A than to species D. 
B)  Species D is more closely related to species C than to species E. 
C)  Species F is more closely related to species D than to species E. 
D)  Species C is more closely related to species B than to species D. 
A)  Species E is more closely related to species A than to species D. 
B)  Species D is more closely related to species C than to species E. 
C)  Species F is more closely related to species D than to species E. 
D)  Species C is more closely related to species B than to species D.

Question 16

Which of the following is an assumption used in the molecular clock approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleotide changes accumulate in a sequence in proportion to time. 
B)  Nucleotide changes are generally NOT transferred to progeny. 
C)  Nucleotide changes are NOT random. 
D)  Nucleotide changes are subject to intense selective pressure. 
A)  Nucleotide changes accumulate in a sequence in proportion to time. 
B)  Nucleotide changes are generally NOT transferred to progeny. 
C)  Nucleotide changes are NOT random. 
D)  Nucleotide changes are subject to intense selective pressure.

Question 17

Horizontal gene transfer

Accepted Answer

A)  is so rare over evolutionary history that it is not considered when examining microbial evolution. 
B)  occurs within bacterial species. 
C)  complicates the construction of phylogenetic trees and the interpretation of specific traits in relation to evolution. 
D)  only affects the evolution of plasmids. 
A)  is so rare over evolutionary history that it is not considered when examining microbial evolution. 
B)  occurs within bacterial species. 
C)  complicates the construction of phylogenetic trees and the interpretation of specific traits in relation to evolution. 
D)  only affects the evolution of plasmids.

Question 18

Systematic analysis now commonly includes ________ to identify,characterize,and determine relationships between new strains of bacterial species.

Accepted Answer

A)  whole genome analysis 
B)  microscopy 
C)  staining 
D)  pigments 
A)  whole genome analysis 
B)  microscopy 
C)  staining 
D)  pigments

Question 19

Can gene frequencies change in the absence of selection? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Gene frequencies do change in the absenc

Question 20

The domains of life arose as barriers between gene exchange evolved between organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Microbial Evolution and Systematics

The pan genome of a microbial species is constantly changing because of

Eukaryotes originated after the rise in atmospheric oxygen.

Two organisms containing identical GC ratios are not necessarily related.

One phenotypic trait used for species identification and description is the analysis of the types and proportions of the fatty acids present in the cytoplasmic and outer membranes.The methodology employed is often nicknamed FAME.

When exposed to UV light,oxygen gas produces ozone gas.

If you allowed 10 identical parallel Salmonella cultures to evolve for 10,000 generations under new growth conditions with very little nitrogen,the parallel cultures would

Which taxonomic tool would scientists use if they wanted to determine if an outbreak of food poisoning was caused by a particular strain of a pathogen?

How did cyanobacteria,oxygen,and ozone impact the evolution of eukaryotic cells?

Ribotyping

One widely used cladistic method of examining evolutionary relationships is ________,which is based on the assumption that evolution is most likely to have proceeded by the path requiring fewest changes.

The 16S rRNA sequence is an approximately 1,500 bp linear strand of single stranded RNA.

The first catalytic and self-replication biological molecule was most likely

Microorganisms were probably restricted to the oceans and subsurface environments until

Based on the phylogenetic tree below,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is an assumption used in the molecular clock approach?

Horizontal gene transfer

Systematic analysis now commonly includes ________ to identify,characterize,and determine relationships between new strains of bacterial species.

Can gene frequencies change in the absence of selection? Why or why not?

The domains of life arose as barriers between gene exchange evolved between organisms.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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