Question 1

Which of the following functional groups form symbiotic relationships with Eukaryotes in deep sea environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  dissimilatory iron-oxidizers 
B)  methanotrophs 
C)  sulfide-oxidizers 
D)  methanotrophs and sulfide-oxidizers 
A)  dissimilatory iron-oxidizers 
B)  methanotrophs 
C)  sulfide-oxidizers 
D)  methanotrophs and sulfide-oxidizers

Question 2

Bioluminescent microorganisms are found in which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Firmicutes 
B)  Thaumarchaeota 
C)  Gammaproteobacteria 
D)  Verrucomicrobia 
A)  Firmicutes 
B)  Thaumarchaeota 
C)  Gammaproteobacteria 
D)  Verrucomicrobia

Question 3

In which of the following environments would you expect to find a high number of iron-reducing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidic mine drainage 
B)  deep subsurface 
C)  open ocean 
D)  agriculture soil 
A)  acidic mine drainage 
B)  deep subsurface 
C)  open ocean 
D)  agriculture soil

Question 4

The Cyanobacteria are united by their ________,but their ________ is very diverse.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiology / morphology 
B)  morphology / physiology 
C)  ecology / physiology 
D)  SSU rRNA sequences / physiology 
A)  physiology / morphology 
B)  morphology / physiology 
C)  ecology / physiology 
D)  SSU rRNA sequences / physiology

Question 5

What is the difference between a methylotroph and methanotroph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Methylotrophs are strict anaerobes, while methanotrophs are strict aerobes. 
B)  Methylotrophs use organic carbon lacking C-C bonds as electron donors and carbon sources, while methanotrophs exclusively use methane as an electron donor and carbon source. 
C)  Methylotrophs produce organic carbon lacking C-C bonds, while methanotrophs exclusively produce methane. 
D)  Methylotrophs are in Proteobacteria, while methanotrophs are in Archaea. 
A)  Methylotrophs are strict anaerobes, while methanotrophs are strict aerobes. 
B)  Methylotrophs use organic carbon lacking C-C bonds as electron donors and carbon sources, while methanotrophs exclusively use methane as an electron donor and carbon source. 
C)  Methylotrophs produce organic carbon lacking C-C bonds, while methanotrophs exclusively produce methane. 
D)  Methylotrophs are in Proteobacteria, while methanotrophs are in Archaea.

Question 6

Most methanotrophs are obligate ________ because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobes / the initial step of methane oxidation requires O₂ 
B)  anaerobes / methane is produced in anaerobic environments 
C)  fermenters / methane only provides enough energy for fermentation 
D)  heterotrophs / methane does not provide enough carbon for growth 
A)  aerobes / the initial step of methane oxidation requires O₂ 
B)  anaerobes / methane is produced in anaerobic environments 
C)  fermenters / methane only provides enough energy for fermentation 
D)  heterotrophs / methane does not provide enough carbon for growth

Question 7

Bioluminescence is a social behavior of bacterial cells that causes luminescence to occur when a dense cell population has been attained.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Diazotrophs are found in all three domains of life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The ecological diversity of microbes is largely dependent on their complex morphological and structural diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Thioploca species contain large vacuoles that store ________,which is used to ________ under anaerobic conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrate / oxidize sulfide 
B)  oxygen / oxidize sulfur 
C)  sulfur / reduce nitrate 
D)  glycogen / provide energy 
A)  nitrate / oxidize sulfide 
B)  oxygen / oxidize sulfur 
C)  sulfur / reduce nitrate 
D)  glycogen / provide energy

Question 11

What is convergent evolution and how is it different from horizontal gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution is the evolution of

Question 12

Anoxygenic phototrophs may or may not be autotrophs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Discuss the ecological importance of the enzyme nitrogenase,the diversity and physiology of the various groups of organisms that contain it,and the strategies these organisms use to optimize conditions for the enzyme.

Accepted Answer

The enzyme nitrogenase is the only enzym

Question 14

Nitrogen fixation is

Accepted Answer

A)  rare among microorganisms. 
B)  widespread among microorganisms. 
C)  limited to Proteobacteria. 
D)  common in Bacteria, but absent in Archaea. 
A)  rare among microorganisms. 
B)  widespread among microorganisms. 
C)  limited to Proteobacteria. 
D)  common in Bacteria, but absent in Archaea.

Question 15

Functional traits can be shared between organisms with divergent SSU rRNA sequences because

Accepted Answer

A)  functional traits may be lost by different lineages over time. 
B)  functional traits may evolve independently in different lineages over time. 
C)  horizontal gene transfer can result in the transfer of genes between divergent lineages. 
D)  functional traits may evolve independently, be shared through horizontal gene transfer, or be lost in divergent lineages. 
A)  functional traits may be lost by different lineages over time. 
B)  functional traits may evolve independently in different lineages over time. 
C)  horizontal gene transfer can result in the transfer of genes between divergent lineages. 
D)  functional traits may evolve independently, be shared through horizontal gene transfer, or be lost in divergent lineages.

Question 16

Green sulfur bacteria are often found at the greatest depths of all phototrophic cells in lakes,oceans,and microbial mats.This is because green sulfur bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  are very sensitive to UV irradiation, despite their reliance on light for energy. 
B)  are the only phototrophs that can use hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor for photosynthesis. 
C)  are strict anaerobes. 
D)  have chlorosomes that are very efficient at harvesting light, allowing them to perform photosynthesis where light intensities are very low. 
A)  are very sensitive to UV irradiation, despite their reliance on light for energy. 
B)  are the only phototrophs that can use hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor for photosynthesis. 
C)  are strict anaerobes. 
D)  have chlorosomes that are very efficient at harvesting light, allowing them to perform photosynthesis where light intensities are very low.

Question 17

Bioluminescence develops when

Accepted Answer

A)  population density is high. 
B)  oxygen is depleted. 
C)  ambient light is low. 
D)  the host induces the bioluminescence genes. 
A)  population density is high. 
B)  oxygen is depleted. 
C)  ambient light is low. 
D)  the host induces the bioluminescence genes.

Question 18

What form of photosynthesis evolved first on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygenic 
B)  anoxygenic 
C)  autotrophic 
D)  heterotrophic 
A)  oxygenic 
B)  anoxygenic 
C)  autotrophic 
D)  heterotrophic

Question 19

How are anoxygenic phototrophic microorganisms more physiologically diverse than oxygenic phototrophic microorganisms? Be specific in your answers and use examples to illustrate your conclusions.

Accepted Answer

Oxygenic phototrophs (Cyanobacteria)are

Question 20

Unicellular cyanobacteria are the most abundant phototrophs in the ocean and perform 80% of marine photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Which of the following functional groups form symbiotic relationships with Eukaryotes in deep sea environments?

Bioluminescent microorganisms are found in which of the following groups?

In which of the following environments would you expect to find a high number of iron-reducing bacteria?

The Cyanobacteria are united by their ________,but their ________ is very diverse.

What is the difference between a methylotroph and methanotroph?

Most methanotrophs are obligate ________ because ________.

Bioluminescence is a social behavior of bacterial cells that causes luminescence to occur when a dense cell population has been attained.

Diazotrophs are found in all three domains of life.

The ecological diversity of microbes is largely dependent on their complex morphological and structural diversity.

Thioploca species contain large vacuoles that store ________,which is used to ________ under anaerobic conditions.

What is convergent evolution and how is it different from horizontal gene transfer?

Anoxygenic phototrophs may or may not be autotrophs.

Discuss the ecological importance of the enzyme nitrogenase,the diversity and physiology of the various groups of organisms that contain it,and the strategies these organisms use to optimize conditions for the enzyme.

Nitrogen fixation is

Functional traits can be shared between organisms with divergent SSU rRNA sequences because

Green sulfur bacteria are often found at the greatest depths of all phototrophic cells in lakes,oceans,and microbial mats.This is because green sulfur bacteria

Bioluminescence develops when

What form of photosynthesis evolved first on Earth?

How are anoxygenic phototrophic microorganisms more physiologically diverse than oxygenic phototrophic microorganisms? Be specific in your answers and use examples to illustrate your conclusions.

Unicellular cyanobacteria are the most abundant phototrophs in the ocean and perform 80% of marine photosynthesis.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

The Cyanobacteria are united by their ,but their is very diverse.

Most methanotrophs are obligate because .

Thioploca species contain large vacuoles that store ,which is used to under anaerobic conditions.