Question 1

Vaginal acidity in the adult female is due to acid production by Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The human gastrointestinal tract includes all of the following EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  large intestine. 
D)  epiglottis. 
A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  large intestine. 
D)  epiglottis.

Question 3

Clostridium botulinum are endospore-forming bacteria normally found in the soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What is the similarity between the flora found in a female at the menopause stage and a female at the pre-puberty stage? How different is it from a female between the stages of puberty and menopause?

Accepted Answer

The flora in both cases lack Lactobacill

Question 5

Hormones that are produced under stress boost normal immune responses and play a role in stress-mediated disease resistance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Capsules are particularly important for

Accepted Answer

A)  making bacteria more vulnerable to host defense mechanisms. 
B)  making bacteria less pathogenic. 
C)  protecting bacteria from host defense mechanisms. 
D)  allowing bacteria to become more phagocytic. 
A)  making bacteria more vulnerable to host defense mechanisms. 
B)  making bacteria less pathogenic. 
C)  protecting bacteria from host defense mechanisms. 
D)  allowing bacteria to become more phagocytic.

Question 7

The number of Vibrio cholera cells necessary to produce cholera in an exposed individual is drastically reduced if the individual is malnourished.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Gram-positive bacteria produce endotoxins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Virulence is the relative ability of a ________ to cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogen 
B)  commensal 
C)  virus 
D)  bacterium 
A)  pathogen 
B)  commensal 
C)  virus 
D)  bacterium

Question 10

Why are some microorganisms specialized to only certain parts of the body? Describe an example that supports your answer.

Accepted Answer

Each organ differs chemically

Question 11

What are the different categories of exotoxins,and how do they function?

Accepted Answer

The three categories are AB toxins,cytol

Question 12

The macromolecules responsible for bacterial adherence that are NOT covalently attached to bacteria are collectively called

Accepted Answer

A)  lipid A. 
B)  biofilms. 
C)  capsules. 
D)  glycocalyx. 
A)  lipid A. 
B)  biofilms. 
C)  capsules. 
D)  glycocalyx.

Question 13

Attenuation occurs in a laboratory,because

Accepted Answer

A)  nonvirulent or weakly virulent mutants grow faster in vitro in laboratory media. 
B)  pathogens lose virulence with age. 
C)  patients are generally treated with drugs that induce attenuation. 
D)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  nonvirulent or weakly virulent mutants grow faster in vitro in laboratory media. 
B)  pathogens lose virulence with age. 
C)  patients are generally treated with drugs that induce attenuation. 
D)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Pathogen virulence NEVER changes throughout a host's life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which genus produces hyaluronidase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacteria 
B)  Streptococcus 
C)  Shigella 
D)  Procholorococcus 
A)  Mycobacteria 
B)  Streptococcus 
C)  Shigella 
D)  Procholorococcus

Question 16

Explain how Clostridium tetani cells that rarely leave their initial site of infection can cause death in their hosts.

Accepted Answer

C.tetani produces tetanus toxins that mo

Question 17

The following compounds are all produced by intestinal microflora EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  flatus. 
B)  vitamin C. 
C)  vitamin B₁₂. 
D)  vitamin K. 
A)  flatus. 
B)  vitamin C. 
C)  vitamin B₁₂. 
D)  vitamin K.

Question 18

Endotoxins are released in large amounts only when cells lyse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The vagina of adult female is

Accepted Answer

A)  highly acidic. 
B)  highly alkaline. 
C)  weakly acidic. 
D)  weakly alkaline. 
A)  highly acidic. 
B)  highly alkaline. 
C)  weakly acidic. 
D)  weakly alkaline.

Question 20

An opportunistic pathogen causes disease ONLY in the presence of normal host resistance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 23: Microbial Interactions With Humans

Vaginal acidity in the adult female is due to acid production by Lactobacillus acidophilus.

The human gastrointestinal tract includes all of the following EXCEPT the

Clostridium botulinum are endospore-forming bacteria normally found in the soil.

What is the similarity between the flora found in a female at the menopause stage and a female at the pre-puberty stage? How different is it from a female between the stages of puberty and menopause?

Hormones that are produced under stress boost normal immune responses and play a role in stress-mediated disease resistance.

Capsules are particularly important for

The number of Vibrio cholera cells necessary to produce cholera in an exposed individual is drastically reduced if the individual is malnourished.

Gram-positive bacteria produce endotoxins.

Virulence is the relative ability of a ________ to cause disease.

Why are some microorganisms specialized to only certain parts of the body? Describe an example that supports your answer.

What are the different categories of exotoxins,and how do they function?

The macromolecules responsible for bacterial adherence that are NOT covalently attached to bacteria are collectively called

Attenuation occurs in a laboratory,because

Pathogen virulence NEVER changes throughout a host's life.

Which genus produces hyaluronidase?

Explain how Clostridium tetani cells that rarely leave their initial site of infection can cause death in their hosts.

The following compounds are all produced by intestinal microflora EXCEPT

Endotoxins are released in large amounts only when cells lyse.

The vagina of adult female is

An opportunistic pathogen causes disease ONLY in the presence of normal host resistance.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

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Molecular Biology

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Functional Diversity of Bacteria

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Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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