Question 1

Which of the following bioenergetic processes CANNOT occur in hyperthermophiles?

Accepted Answer

A) chemoorganotrophy 
B) chemolithotrophy 
C) photosynthesis 
D) chemoorganotrophy,chemolithotrophy,and photosynthesis 
A) chemoorganotrophy 
B) chemolithotrophy 
C) photosynthesis 
D) chemoorganotrophy,chemolithotrophy,and photosynthesis C

Question 2

Nitrifying Archaea such as Nitrosopumilus maritimus use ________ as a sole carbon source and are capable of obtaining sufficient energy by aerobically oxidizing ________.

Accepted Answer

A) CO₂ / NO 
B) sugars / NH₃ 
C) CO₂ / NH₃ 
D) organic acids / NO 
A) CO₂ / NO 
B) sugars / NH₃ 
C) CO₂ / NH₃ 
D) organic acids / NO C

Question 3

It is difficult to estimate when cyanobacteria appeared on Earth using evidence from the oxidation state of the Earth's crust,because

Accepted Answer

A) several abiotic reactions could have formed Fe³⁺. 
B) there are multiple forms of anoxygenic photosynthesis. 
C) there are multiple groups of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. 
D) several ancient anaerobic metabolisms form Fe³⁺. 
A) several abiotic reactions could have formed Fe³⁺. 
B) there are multiple forms of anoxygenic photosynthesis. 
C) there are multiple groups of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. 
D) several ancient anaerobic metabolisms form Fe³⁺. D

Question 4

What characteristic do mycoplasmas (Bacteria)and Thermoplasma and Ferroplasma (Archaea)have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) contain plasmids 
B) hyperthermophilic 
C) lack cell walls 
D) relatively large genomes from duplicated genes 
A) contain plasmids 
B) hyperthermophilic 
C) lack cell walls 
D) relatively large genomes from duplicated genes

Question 5

Where is the thermosome found,and what is its apparent role?

Accepted Answer

A thermosome is a complex containing cha

Question 6

Explain why the presence of many Archaea has been confirmed only by community sampling of rRNA genes and not by culture in the laboratory.How has metagenomics helped to solve this problem?

Accepted Answer

Due to the extreme environmental conditi

Question 7

There are many genes in archaeal genomes that have no known function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The taxonomy of the methanogens is based on

Accepted Answer

A) phenotypic analysis. 
B) phylogenetic (comparative nucleic acid sequencing)analysis. 
C) phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses. 
D) neither phenotypic nor phylogenetic analysis. 
A) phenotypic analysis. 
B) phylogenetic (comparative nucleic acid sequencing)analysis. 
C) phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses. 
D) neither phenotypic nor phylogenetic analysis.

Question 9

The cytoplasmic membrane of Picrophilus is extremely acid impermeable at very low pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Retinal in prokaryotes is part of

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis. 
B) phototaxis. 
C) light-driven ATP synthesis. 
D) light-driven ATP synthesis and phototaxis. 
A) photosynthesis. 
B) phototaxis. 
C) light-driven ATP synthesis. 
D) light-driven ATP synthesis and phototaxis.

Question 11

Extremely halophilic Archaea often form ________ in order to access ________.

Accepted Answer

A) stalks / nutrients 
B) intracellular inclusions / elemental sulfur 
C) gas vesicles / oxygen 
D) intracellular membranes / sunlight 
A) stalks / nutrients 
B) intracellular inclusions / elemental sulfur 
C) gas vesicles / oxygen 
D) intracellular membranes / sunlight

Question 12

________ is a strict anaerobe with an optimum growth temperature of 105°C that grows chemolithotrophically on H₂ with S⁰ as an electron receptor or chemoorganotrophically on complex mixtures of organic compounds.

Accepted Answer

A) Pyrodictium 
B) Pyrolobus 
C) Pyrobaculum 
D) Desulfurococcus 
A) Pyrodictium 
B) Pyrolobus 
C) Pyrobaculum 
D) Desulfurococcus

Question 13

Archaeoglobus is a true sulfate reducer that forms a phylogenetically distinct lineage within the Euryarchaeota.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Methanogens

Accepted Answer

A) produce methane as a part of their energy metabolism. 
B) utilize methane as an energy source. 
C) process and store methane to detoxify it. 
D) produce,utilize,and detoxify methane. 
A) produce methane as a part of their energy metabolism. 
B) utilize methane as an energy source. 
C) process and store methane to detoxify it. 
D) produce,utilize,and detoxify methane.

Question 15

Cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (cDPG)is present in molar quantities in the cytoplasm of many hyperthermophilic methanogens.The function of this compound is to

Accepted Answer

A) prevent rRNA misfolding. 
B) prevent chemical damage to DNA at high temperatures. 
C) counteract the effects of high osmotic environments. 
D) activate hydrogen gas. 
A) prevent rRNA misfolding. 
B) prevent chemical damage to DNA at high temperatures. 
C) counteract the effects of high osmotic environments. 
D) activate hydrogen gas.

Question 16

The amino acid composition of thermostable proteins is not particularly unusual,except for a bias for increased levels of amino acids that form α-helices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Laboratory isolation of Nanoarchaeum equitans requires the presence of

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids. 
B) oxygen. 
C) Ignicoccus. 
D) sunlight. 
A) fatty acids. 
B) oxygen. 
C) Ignicoccus. 
D) sunlight.

Question 18

Thus far,only Archaea have been found in the salt lakes,while Bacteria and Eukarya are noticeably absent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Many hyperthermophiles of Archaea are ________; however,Staphylothermus is a chemoorganotroph.

Accepted Answer

A) chemolithotrophs 
B) mixotrophs 
C) parasites 
D) photoheterotrophs 
A) chemolithotrophs 
B) mixotrophs 
C) parasites 
D) photoheterotrophs

Question 20

Thermoplasma metabolizes organic compounds leached from hot coal refuse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Diversity of Archaea

Which of the following bioenergetic processes CANNOT occur in hyperthermophiles?

Nitrifying Archaea such as Nitrosopumilus maritimus use ________ as a sole carbon source and are capable of obtaining sufficient energy by aerobically oxidizing ________.

It is difficult to estimate when cyanobacteria appeared on Earth using evidence from the oxidation state of the Earth's crust,because

What characteristic do mycoplasmas (Bacteria)and Thermoplasma and Ferroplasma (Archaea)have in common?

Where is the thermosome found,and what is its apparent role?

Explain why the presence of many Archaea has been confirmed only by community sampling of rRNA genes and not by culture in the laboratory.How has metagenomics helped to solve this problem?

There are many genes in archaeal genomes that have no known function.

The taxonomy of the methanogens is based on

The cytoplasmic membrane of Picrophilus is extremely acid impermeable at very low pH.

Retinal in prokaryotes is part of

Extremely halophilic Archaea often form ________ in order to access ________.

________ is a strict anaerobe with an optimum growth temperature of 105°C that grows chemolithotrophically on H₂ with S⁰ as an electron receptor or chemoorganotrophically on complex mixtures of organic compounds.

Archaeoglobus is a true sulfate reducer that forms a phylogenetically distinct lineage within the Euryarchaeota.

Methanogens

Cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (cDPG)is present in molar quantities in the cytoplasm of many hyperthermophilic methanogens.The function of this compound is to

The amino acid composition of thermostable proteins is not particularly unusual,except for a bias for increased levels of amino acids that form α-helices.

Laboratory isolation of Nanoarchaeum equitans requires the presence of

Thus far,only Archaea have been found in the salt lakes,while Bacteria and Eukarya are noticeably absent.

Many hyperthermophiles of Archaea are ________; however,Staphylothermus is a chemoorganotroph.

Thermoplasma metabolizes organic compounds leached from hot coal refuse.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

Nitrifying Archaea such as Nitrosopumilus maritimus use as a sole carbon source and are capable of obtaining sufficient energy by aerobically oxidizing .

Extremely halophilic Archaea often form in order to access .