Question 1

In antigen binding,MHC protein binds to the T cell epitope,whereas the TCR binds the MHC motif.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following is a likely target for a toll-like receptor (TLR)?

Accepted Answer

A) tumor necrosis factor 
B) interleukin IV 
C) flagellin 
D) insulin 
A) tumor necrosis factor 
B) interleukin IV 
C) flagellin 
D) insulin C

Question 3

The ________ and ________ domains of the class II MHC protein interact to form a peptide-binding site.

Accepted Answer

A) B / T 
B) light / heavy 
C) C / V 
D) α1 / β1 
A) B / T 
B) light / heavy 
C) C / V 
D) α1 / β1 D

Question 4

Antigen receptors can directly connect to signal transduction pathways because immunoglobulins and TCRs have very small cytoplasmic domains.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Immunoglobins associate with the adapter molecules Igα and Igβ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Interaction of a PAMP with a TLR triggers transmembrane signal transduction and subsequent

Accepted Answer

A) clonal expansion. 
B) antibody production. 
C) complement protein activation. 
D) phagocytosis and inflammation. 
A) clonal expansion. 
B) antibody production. 
C) complement protein activation. 
D) phagocytosis and inflammation.

Question 7

The mechanism by which antigen-reactive cells respond to foreign antigens while ignoring self-antigens is called clonal

Accepted Answer

A) selection. 
B) deletion. 
C) anergy. 
D) expansion. 
A) selection. 
B) deletion. 
C) anergy. 
D) expansion.

Question 8

The chemokine CCL2

Accepted Answer

A) attracts basophils,eosinophils,monocytes,and dendritic cells. 
B) stimulates production of inflammatory mediators. 
C) organizes an antigen specific immune response. 
D) attracts basophils,eosinophils,monocytes,and dendritic cells; stimulates production of inflammatory mediators; and organizes an antigen specific immune response. 
A) attracts basophils,eosinophils,monocytes,and dendritic cells. 
B) stimulates production of inflammatory mediators. 
C) organizes an antigen specific immune response. 
D) attracts basophils,eosinophils,monocytes,and dendritic cells; stimulates production of inflammatory mediators; and organizes an antigen specific immune response.

Question 9

Chemokines produced by activated macrophages include

Accepted Answer

A) CXL8. 
B) CCL2. 
C) MCP-1. 
D) CXL8,CCL2,and MCP-1. 
A) CXL8. 
B) CCL2. 
C) MCP-1. 
D) CXL8,CCL2,and MCP-1.

Question 10

Class II MHC proteins have grooves with

Accepted Answer

A) closed ends. 
B) open ends. 
C) both open and closed ends. 
D) neither open nor closed ends. 
A) closed ends. 
B) open ends. 
C) both open and closed ends. 
D) neither open nor closed ends.

Question 11

The embedded peptides in MHC proteins are normally derived from breakdown products of cell metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Immunoglobulin,TCR,and MHC proteins share structural features and have evolved by duplication and selection of primordial antigen receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Given that T cell receptors (TCRs)are randomly generated during the maturation process,how are new T cells selected that can recognize self-antigens and other immune cells appropriately?

Accepted Answer

Positive selection selects for T cells t

Question 14

Signal transduction pathways initiate activation of transcription after specific

Accepted Answer

A) TH cell death. 
B) ligand-receptor binding on the cell surface. 
C) cytokines diffuse across the cytoplasmic membrane. 
D) antigen-antibody binding. 
A) TH cell death. 
B) ligand-receptor binding on the cell surface. 
C) cytokines diffuse across the cytoplasmic membrane. 
D) antigen-antibody binding.

Question 15

Which of the following contribute to the limitless diversity generated from a relatively fixed number of immunoglobulin genes?

Accepted Answer

A) hypermutation 
B) random heavy and light chain reassortment 
C) somatic recombination 
D) hypermutation,random heavy and light chain reassortment,and somatic recombination. 
A) hypermutation 
B) random heavy and light chain reassortment 
C) somatic recombination 
D) hypermutation,random heavy and light chain reassortment,and somatic recombination.

Question 16

Each of the V domains in immunoglobulins has ________ complementarity-determining regions.

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four

Question 17

In somatic hypermutation,the mutation of immunoglobulin genes occurs at much higher rates than the mutation rates observed in other genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

T cells undergo immune selection FOR potential antigen-reactive cells and selection AGAINST those cells that react strongly with self-antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Somatic hypermutation occurs only in the ________ regions of rearranged heavy and light chains.

Accepted Answer

A) D 
B) HV 
C) J 
D) V 
A) D 
B) HV 
C) J 
D) V

Question 20

Cytokines produced by lymphocytes are often called

Accepted Answer

A) interleukins. 
B) pathogen recognition receptors. 
C) chemokines. 
D) epitopes. 
A) interleukins. 
B) pathogen recognition receptors. 
C) chemokines. 
D) epitopes.

Exam 26: Molecular Immunology

In antigen binding,MHC protein binds to the T cell epitope,whereas the TCR binds the MHC motif.

Which of the following is a likely target for a toll-like receptor (TLR)?

The ________ and ________ domains of the class II MHC protein interact to form a peptide-binding site.

Antigen receptors can directly connect to signal transduction pathways because immunoglobulins and TCRs have very small cytoplasmic domains.

Immunoglobins associate with the adapter molecules Igα and Igβ.

Interaction of a PAMP with a TLR triggers transmembrane signal transduction and subsequent

The mechanism by which antigen-reactive cells respond to foreign antigens while ignoring self-antigens is called clonal

The chemokine CCL2

Chemokines produced by activated macrophages include

Class II MHC proteins have grooves with

The embedded peptides in MHC proteins are normally derived from breakdown products of cell metabolism.

Immunoglobulin,TCR,and MHC proteins share structural features and have evolved by duplication and selection of primordial antigen receptors.

Given that T cell receptors (TCRs)are randomly generated during the maturation process,how are new T cells selected that can recognize self-antigens and other immune cells appropriately?

Signal transduction pathways initiate activation of transcription after specific

Which of the following contribute to the limitless diversity generated from a relatively fixed number of immunoglobulin genes?

Each of the V domains in immunoglobulins has ________ complementarity-determining regions.

In somatic hypermutation,the mutation of immunoglobulin genes occurs at much higher rates than the mutation rates observed in other genes.

T cells undergo immune selection FOR potential antigen-reactive cells and selection AGAINST those cells that react strongly with self-antigens.

Somatic hypermutation occurs only in the ________ regions of rearranged heavy and light chains.

Cytokines produced by lymphocytes are often called

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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The and domains of the class II MHC protein interact to form a peptide-binding site.