Question 1

A ________ is a disease that primarily infects animals but can be transmitted to humans.

Accepted Answer

A) nosocomial infection 
B) zoonosis 
C) vector infection 
D) mudurane 
A) nosocomial infection 
B) zoonosis 
C) vector infection 
D) mudurane B

Question 2

In 2003,the majority of AIDS deaths occurred in

Accepted Answer

A) South America. 
B) North America. 
C) Europe. 
D) Sub-Saharan Africa. 
A) South America. 
B) North America. 
C) Europe. 
D) Sub-Saharan Africa. D

Question 3

Why are diseases such as rabies that have a wild animal reservoir so difficult to eradicate while other diseases such as brucellosis that reside in domestic animals have been virtually eradicated.

Accepted Answer

The eradication of a disease requires that the pathogen be no longer transmitted.Because transmission of a disease such as rabies comes from wild animals that serve as reservoirs,all reservoirs would need to be removed for there to be no more transmission of the infectious agent.Immunizing or destroying all wild animals is not practical,so rabies remains very difficult to eradicate.Brucellosis and many other diseases are more easily eradicated because the reservoir is more easily controlled when,for example,they occur primarily in domesticated animals that can be tested,immunized,and or destroyed if infected.

Question 4

Most cases of mosquito-transmitted diseases occur in

Accepted Answer

A) the summer and fall seasons. 
B) tropical and sub-tropical regions. 
C) rural areas. 
D) tropical and sub-tropical regions or during the summer and fall seasons. 
A) the summer and fall seasons. 
B) tropical and sub-tropical regions. 
C) rural areas. 
D) tropical and sub-tropical regions or during the summer and fall seasons.

Question 5

Epidemiological studies of AIDS in Africa have confirmed that ________ transmission of the virus is the norm in that region.

Accepted Answer

A) fomite 
B) indirect 
C) heterosexual 
D) homosexual 
A) fomite 
B) indirect 
C) heterosexual 
D) homosexual

Question 6

Food and water are considered disease vehicles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The number of ill individuals within a population is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) morbidity. 
B) mortality. 
C) residency. 
D) prevalence. 
A) morbidity. 
B) mortality. 
C) residency. 
D) prevalence.

Question 8

Which body site is preferentially infected by foodborne pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A) gastrointestinal tract 
B) respiratory tract 
C) cerebrospinal fluid 
D) liver 
A) gastrointestinal tract 
B) respiratory tract 
C) cerebrospinal fluid 
D) liver

Question 9

Which of the following diseases is NOT normally spread by a common source?

Accepted Answer

A) measles 
B) foodborne diseases 
C) waterborne diseases 
D) cholera 
A) measles 
B) foodborne diseases 
C) waterborne diseases 
D) cholera

Question 10

Middle eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)is caused by

Accepted Answer

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B) the influenza virus. 
C) a coronavirus. 
D) a rhinovirus. 
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B) the influenza virus. 
C) a coronavirus. 
D) a rhinovirus.

Question 11

Disease ________ is measured by the total number of new reported disease cases within a population over a period of time.

Accepted Answer

A) incidence 
B) frequency 
C) morbidity 
D) prevalence 
A) incidence 
B) frequency 
C) morbidity 
D) prevalence

Question 12

In the United States and other developed countries,deaths due to infectious diseases are decreasing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A disease that is present in unusually high numbers throughout the world is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) endemic. 
B) epidemic. 
C) sporadic. 
D) pandemic. 
A) endemic. 
B) epidemic. 
C) sporadic. 
D) pandemic.

Question 14

"Typhoid Mary" is an example of a ________,because she was infected by the causative agent for typhoid fever yet was asymptomatic.

Accepted Answer

A) fomite 
B) carrier 
C) vector 
D) vehicle 
A) fomite 
B) carrier 
C) vector 
D) vehicle

Question 15

How can epidemiologist differentiate between common-source and host-to-host epidemics based only on the incidence of disease?

Accepted Answer

Common-source epidemics result from a si

Question 16

The lower the basic reproduction number of a pathogen,the higher the percentage of immune individuals necessary to provide herd immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

People who have a subclinical case of a disease are frequently ________ of a particular disease.

Accepted Answer

A) fomites 
B) carriers 
C) vectors 
D) vehicles 
A) fomites 
B) carriers 
C) vectors 
D) vehicles

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) Brucellosis is no longer found in farm animals in the United States. 
B) If 70% of the population is immunized against polio,the disease will be essentially absent from the population. 
C) Federal law requires that all cattle not immune to anthrax be destroyed. 
D) All farm animals used for food must be immunized against all the common agents of disease that infect humans. 
A) Brucellosis is no longer found in farm animals in the United States. 
B) If 70% of the population is immunized against polio,the disease will be essentially absent from the population. 
C) Federal law requires that all cattle not immune to anthrax be destroyed. 
D) All farm animals used for food must be immunized against all the common agents of disease that infect humans.

Question 19

The incidence of HIV/AIDS among transfusion recipients has

Accepted Answer

A) increased since the discovery of HIV. 
B) decreased since the discovery of HIV. 
C) remained the same since the discovery of HIV. 
D) never been more than a few individuals per year. 
A) increased since the discovery of HIV. 
B) decreased since the discovery of HIV. 
C) remained the same since the discovery of HIV. 
D) never been more than a few individuals per year.

Question 20

Explain the concept of coevolution in terms of host-pathogen interactions.

Accepted Answer

The host and pathogen both evolve and af

Exam 28: Epidemiology

A ________ is a disease that primarily infects animals but can be transmitted to humans.

In 2003,the majority of AIDS deaths occurred in

Why are diseases such as rabies that have a wild animal reservoir so difficult to eradicate while other diseases such as brucellosis that reside in domestic animals have been virtually eradicated.

Most cases of mosquito-transmitted diseases occur in

Epidemiological studies of AIDS in Africa have confirmed that ________ transmission of the virus is the norm in that region.

Food and water are considered disease vehicles.

The number of ill individuals within a population is referred to as

Which body site is preferentially infected by foodborne pathogens?

Which of the following diseases is NOT normally spread by a common source?

Middle eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)is caused by

Disease ________ is measured by the total number of new reported disease cases within a population over a period of time.

In the United States and other developed countries,deaths due to infectious diseases are decreasing.

A disease that is present in unusually high numbers throughout the world is called a(n)

"Typhoid Mary" is an example of a ________,because she was infected by the causative agent for typhoid fever yet was asymptomatic.

How can epidemiologist differentiate between common-source and host-to-host epidemics based only on the incidence of disease?

The lower the basic reproduction number of a pathogen,the higher the percentage of immune individuals necessary to provide herd immunity.

People who have a subclinical case of a disease are frequently ________ of a particular disease.

Which of the following is an example of herd immunity?

The incidence of HIV/AIDS among transfusion recipients has

Explain the concept of coevolution in terms of host-pathogen interactions.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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