Question 1

By using simple microscopy techniques,it is possible to determine if a culture is contaminated with another organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The methodology of microbial ecology includes

Accepted Answer

A) enrichment and isolation of specific microbes. 
B) cell-staining methods. 
C) gene,transcript,and protein characterization. 
D) enrichment and isolation of specific microbes,cell-staining,and gene,transcript,and protein characterization. 
A) enrichment and isolation of specific microbes. 
B) cell-staining methods. 
C) gene,transcript,and protein characterization. 
D) enrichment and isolation of specific microbes,cell-staining,and gene,transcript,and protein characterization. D

Question 3

When laser tweezers are used,the laser beam traps

Accepted Answer

A) isolated single-copy genomes. 
B) a single microbial cell. 
C) a single microbial colony on a plate. 
D) multiple cells of the same type. 
A) isolated single-copy genomes. 
B) a single microbial cell. 
C) a single microbial colony on a plate. 
D) multiple cells of the same type. B

Question 4

How do viability stains usually distinguish between living cells and dead cells?

Accepted Answer

A) The chemical fluoresces only when bound to ribosomes that are actively synthesizing proteins. 
B) The chemical stain is taken up by living cells and once metabolized becomes fluorescent. 
C) The dye specifically targets intact cytoplasmic membranes. 
D) The dye's fluorescence is quenched by dead cells. 
A) The chemical fluoresces only when bound to ribosomes that are actively synthesizing proteins. 
B) The chemical stain is taken up by living cells and once metabolized becomes fluorescent. 
C) The dye specifically targets intact cytoplasmic membranes. 
D) The dye's fluorescence is quenched by dead cells.

Question 5

The rolled tube method is most commonly used for isolating which grouping of microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

A) anaerobes 
B) chemolithotrophs 
C) chemoorganotrophs 
D) aerobes 
A) anaerobes 
B) chemolithotrophs 
C) chemoorganotrophs 
D) aerobes

Question 6

In microbial ecology studies,the FISH technique identifies organisms based on

Accepted Answer

A) the presence of green fluorescent protein. 
B) fluorescence of unique cofactors or pigments under certain wavelengths of UV light. 
C) hybridization of a fluorescent probe to specific ribosomal RNA sequences. 
D) the presence of luciferase. 
A) the presence of green fluorescent protein. 
B) fluorescence of unique cofactors or pigments under certain wavelengths of UV light. 
C) hybridization of a fluorescent probe to specific ribosomal RNA sequences. 
D) the presence of luciferase.

Question 7

One way to study a microbial ecosystem is to isolate microorganisms from it and study their properties in laboratory culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Culture-independent approaches avoid issues associated with

Accepted Answer

A) detecting very rare phylotypes. 
B) conflating phylogenetic and functional diversity. 
C) growing organisms in the lab. 
D) next generation sequencing. 
A) detecting very rare phylotypes. 
B) conflating phylogenetic and functional diversity. 
C) growing organisms in the lab. 
D) next generation sequencing.

Question 9

For what purpose would a microbial ecologist use a microsensor?

Accepted Answer

A) to determine the concentration of cells in small increments in a sediment or water column 
B) to determine the expression of a particular gene in a microbial community 
C) to quantify the uptake of a radioactive material 
D) to determine the concentration of O₂,N₂O,or other chemical species in small increments in a sediment or water column 
A) to determine the concentration of cells in small increments in a sediment or water column 
B) to determine the expression of a particular gene in a microbial community 
C) to quantify the uptake of a radioactive material 
D) to determine the concentration of O₂,N₂O,or other chemical species in small increments in a sediment or water column

Question 10

In an agar dilution tube,microbial colonies grow

Accepted Answer

A) at the bottom of the tube. 
B) on the sides of the tube,although some may be at the surface. 
C) embedded in the agar,rather than growing on the surface. 
D) on the surface,but some creep down the sides away from the surface. 
A) at the bottom of the tube. 
B) on the sides of the tube,although some may be at the surface. 
C) embedded in the agar,rather than growing on the surface. 
D) on the surface,but some creep down the sides away from the surface.

Question 11

Strict anaerobic organisms are not suited for GFP reporters due to the protein requiring oxygen to fluoresce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Single-cell genomics may help us

Accepted Answer

A) predict which microbes will be abundant based on the environmental conditions. 
B) understand the physiology of uncultured microbes. 
C) develop better enrichment culture methods. 
D) understand the physiology of uncultured microbes and develop better enrichment culture methods. 
A) predict which microbes will be abundant based on the environmental conditions. 
B) understand the physiology of uncultured microbes. 
C) develop better enrichment culture methods. 
D) understand the physiology of uncultured microbes and develop better enrichment culture methods.

Question 13

Which of the following techniques can link prokaryotic phylogeny and function?

Accepted Answer

A) DAPI staining 
B) stable isotope probing 
C) environmental genomics 
D) environmental genomics and stable isotope probing 
A) DAPI staining 
B) stable isotope probing 
C) environmental genomics 
D) environmental genomics and stable isotope probing

Question 14

Amplification of chromosomal DNA from a single-cell is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A) randomly initiating DNA replication throughout the chromosome. 
B) creating thousands of primers that will prime DNA replication throughout the chromosome. 
C) creating complementary DNA from transcripts of a single-cell. 
D) cloning fragments of the chromosome from the single-cell into a multi-copy plasmid. 
A) randomly initiating DNA replication throughout the chromosome. 
B) creating thousands of primers that will prime DNA replication throughout the chromosome. 
C) creating complementary DNA from transcripts of a single-cell. 
D) cloning fragments of the chromosome from the single-cell into a multi-copy plasmid.

Question 15

Several fluorogenic dyes can be used simultaneously in a sample as long as they each emit light at a different measurable wavelength.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In natural samples it is often difficult to differentiate live cells from dead cells or cells from nonliving matter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Genomic analysis of Prochlorococcus has revealed

Accepted Answer

A) the presence of bacteriorhodopsin. 
B) variations in ribosomal genes within the same phylotype. 
C) complete congruence of genes and genome structure within the same phylotype. 
D) variation in functional genes within phylotypes,but high levels of gene conservation between cultured representatives and environmental populations. 
A) the presence of bacteriorhodopsin. 
B) variations in ribosomal genes within the same phylotype. 
C) complete congruence of genes and genome structure within the same phylotype. 
D) variation in functional genes within phylotypes,but high levels of gene conservation between cultured representatives and environmental populations.

Question 18

Why is it necessary to have a standard for the interpretation of stable isotope ratios?

Accepted Answer

A) A standard is necessary to calculate how much radioactivity was added to a sample. 
B) A standard is necessary to determine the stable isotope ratio in the absence of biological activity. 
C) A standard is necessary to determine the weight of each isotopes. 
D) A standard is necessary to determine the age of the sample. 
A) A standard is necessary to calculate how much radioactivity was added to a sample. 
B) A standard is necessary to determine the stable isotope ratio in the absence of biological activity. 
C) A standard is necessary to determine the weight of each isotopes. 
D) A standard is necessary to determine the age of the sample.

Question 19

Metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics are favored over metagenomics when ________ is of more interest than ________.

Accepted Answer

A) gene presence / phylogeny 
B) phylogeny / gene presence 
C) function or gene expression / gene presence 
D) gene presence / function or gene expression 
A) gene presence / phylogeny 
B) phylogeny / gene presence 
C) function or gene expression / gene presence 
D) gene presence / function or gene expression

Question 20

The science of microbial ecology deals with

Accepted Answer

A) how microbial communities interact with each other and their environment. 
B) microbial activity and biodiversity. 
C) microbial gene regulation mechanisms in response to environmental change. 
D) how the activity and biodiversity of microbial communities affect microbial interactions with each other and the environment. 
A) how microbial communities interact with each other and their environment. 
B) microbial activity and biodiversity. 
C) microbial gene regulation mechanisms in response to environmental change. 
D) how the activity and biodiversity of microbial communities affect microbial interactions with each other and the environment.

Exam 18: Methods in Microbial Ecology

By using simple microscopy techniques,it is possible to determine if a culture is contaminated with another organism.

The methodology of microbial ecology includes

When laser tweezers are used,the laser beam traps

How do viability stains usually distinguish between living cells and dead cells?

The rolled tube method is most commonly used for isolating which grouping of microorganisms?

In microbial ecology studies,the FISH technique identifies organisms based on

One way to study a microbial ecosystem is to isolate microorganisms from it and study their properties in laboratory culture.

Culture-independent approaches avoid issues associated with

For what purpose would a microbial ecologist use a microsensor?

In an agar dilution tube,microbial colonies grow

Strict anaerobic organisms are not suited for GFP reporters due to the protein requiring oxygen to fluoresce.

Single-cell genomics may help us

Which of the following techniques can link prokaryotic phylogeny and function?

Amplification of chromosomal DNA from a single-cell is accomplished by

Several fluorogenic dyes can be used simultaneously in a sample as long as they each emit light at a different measurable wavelength.

In natural samples it is often difficult to differentiate live cells from dead cells or cells from nonliving matter.

Genomic analysis of Prochlorococcus has revealed

Why is it necessary to have a standard for the interpretation of stable isotope ratios?

Metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics are favored over metagenomics when ________ is of more interest than ________.

The science of microbial ecology deals with

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

Metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics are favored over metagenomics when is of more interest than .