Exam 13: Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Methanogens that use methyl-CoM for biosynthesis use ________ as a substrate.

Chlorosomes are present in purple bacteria but absent in green sulfur and nonsulfur bacteria.

Anammox is an anaerobic process that generates energy from ________ and forms N₂.

Illustrate the reaction center of a purple bacterium with the following features highlighted: antenna pigments,the special pair,protein H,protein L,protein M,quinone pool,and ATPase.Also explain the importance of proximity for these components within a reaction center.

RubisCO converts ribulose bisphosphate and CO₂ into two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA).

Due to a chemical equilibrium,a syntrophic relationship can be disrupted if the product from the first partner's metabolism is removed too quickly.

Beta-oxidation exclusively removes two carbons at a time to catabolize fatty acids regardless of the carbon chain length.

The only organisms that perform photosynthesis are ones that produce some form of

Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its

Organisms that aerobically catabolize methane use the intermediate ________ for biosynthesis and produce ________ when oxidizing the substrate for energy.

The aerated upper layer of soil is likely to have ________ concentrations of H₂ for aerobic H₂-oxidizing Bacteria,so these bacteria likely ________.

Why does an organism that is able to respire both aerobically and anaerobically preferentially undergo aerobic respiration?

At some of the lowest light concentrations,________ can still grow well due to their ________,which effectively harvest photons for energy.

Which of the following reactions is classified as a heterofermentation?

Explain why it is unlikely an iron-oxidizing bacterium would thrive in a cold stream with a neutral pH.Also propose an experiment that would test whether iron-oxidizing bacteria are present in the stream.

Obligate anaerobes can often use ________ electropositive redox couples than facultative anaerobes,and ________ metabolism is most common in this group as well.

Explain the Calvin cycle process that produces a full molecule of glucose and regenerates the ribulose bisphosphate molecule.

Because H₂ levels in oxic environments are transient,it is likely that aerobic hydrogen bacteria shift between chemoorganotrophy and chemolithotrophy depending on levels of organic compounds and hydrogen in their habitats.

Compare and contrast the prokaryotic and eukaryotic light-gathering machinery function and spatial organization.Why do various chlorophylls show different absorption spectra?

Plastocyanin is a