Question 1

Many Bacteria isolated from nature are natural lysogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The SOS regulatory system is activated by

Accepted Answer

A) the activity of DNA polymerase IV. 
B) DNA damage. 
C) transcription of LexA. 
D) repression of RecA. 
A) the activity of DNA polymerase IV. 
B) DNA damage. 
C) transcription of LexA. 
D) repression of RecA. B

Question 3

Genetic recombination involving insertion sequences typically results in what type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) base-pair substitution mutation 
B) silent mutation 
C) frameshift mutation 
D) base-pair deletion mutation 
A) base-pair substitution mutation 
B) silent mutation 
C) frameshift mutation 
D) base-pair deletion mutation C

Question 4

Explain how electroporation works and the significance of the procedure for genetic experiments.

Accepted Answer

Electroporation involves pulsing cells w

Question 5

When DNA is transferred into a prokaryotic cell it may

Accepted Answer

A) be degraded by enzymes. 
B) replicate independent of the host chromosome. 
C) recombine with the host chromosome. 
D) be degraded by enzymes,replicate independent of the host chromosome,or recombine with the host chromosome. 
A) be degraded by enzymes. 
B) replicate independent of the host chromosome. 
C) recombine with the host chromosome. 
D) be degraded by enzymes,replicate independent of the host chromosome,or recombine with the host chromosome.

Question 6

A strain of an organism with an increased mutation rate is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) adaptive mutagen strain. 
B) hypermutable or mutator strain. 
C) encoded  system. 
D) phenotypic variation. 
A) adaptive mutagen strain. 
B) hypermutable or mutator strain. 
C) encoded  system. 
D) phenotypic variation.

Question 7

The CRISPR system is said to protect or preserve genome integrity in prokaryotic cells by acting as a type of "immune system." Explain how the CRISPR system works and its limitations.

Accepted Answer

The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspa

Question 8

Chemical mutagens,UV radiation,and ionizing radiation all increase mutation rates,but they have different mechanisms.Which type of mutagen would be best suited for creating large deletions and rearrangements within a genome?

Accepted Answer

A) chemical mutagens 
B) UV radiation 
C) ionizing radiation 
D) Chemical,UV,and ionizing radiation would create large deletions and rearrangements if used in a very high dose. 
A) chemical mutagens 
B) UV radiation 
C) ionizing radiation 
D) Chemical,UV,and ionizing radiation would create large deletions and rearrangements if used in a very high dose.

Question 9

A plasmid may

Accepted Answer

A) replicate independently of the chromosome. 
B) be transferred cell-to-cell during conjugation. 
C) be integrated into the chromosome. 
D) replicate independently of the chromosome,integrate into the chromosome,or be transferred cell-to-cell during conjugation. 
A) replicate independently of the chromosome. 
B) be transferred cell-to-cell during conjugation. 
C) be integrated into the chromosome. 
D) replicate independently of the chromosome,integrate into the chromosome,or be transferred cell-to-cell during conjugation.

Question 10

Transposons can be found on many genetic elements,including plasmids,chromosomes,and viral genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The CRISPR system

Accepted Answer

A) facilitates homologous recombination through a complex system of proteins and clustered repeats. 
B) recognizes foreign DNA sequences that have previously entered the cell and directs the Cas proteins to destroy them. 
C) repairs DNA and increases DNA damage tolerance during times of stress. 
D) synthesizes gene transfer agents during stationary phase. 
A) facilitates homologous recombination through a complex system of proteins and clustered repeats. 
B) recognizes foreign DNA sequences that have previously entered the cell and directs the Cas proteins to destroy them. 
C) repairs DNA and increases DNA damage tolerance during times of stress. 
D) synthesizes gene transfer agents during stationary phase.

Question 12

Why is the outcome of a base-pair substitution mutation variable? List and describe the possible outcomes of a base-pair substitution mutation in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The outcome of a base-pair substitution

Question 13

Consider conjugation in Escherichia coli.In which of the following matings would chromosomal genes be transferred most frequently?

Accepted Answer

A) F⁺ × F⁻ 
B) F⁻ × F⁻ 
C) Hfr × F⁻ 
D) Hfr × F⁺ 
A) F⁺ × F⁻ 
B) F⁻ × F⁻ 
C) Hfr × F⁻ 
D) Hfr × F⁺

Question 14

In specialized transduction,as exemplified by lambda phage in E.coli,transduction occurs at high efficiency for only a restricted group of genes near the insertion site of lambda.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When damaged or single-stranded DNA activates the RecA protein,the RecA protein stimulates the cleavage of LexA.This results in

Accepted Answer

A) repression of polymerase V and activation of endonuclease. 
B) activation of the Hfr system. 
C) derepression of the SOS system. 
D) increased transduction and recombination. 
A) repression of polymerase V and activation of endonuclease. 
B) activation of the Hfr system. 
C) derepression of the SOS system. 
D) increased transduction and recombination.

Question 16

Design an experiment (including controls)to determine if a new kitchen chemical cleaner is mutagenic.Include in your answer how you would interpret the results.

Accepted Answer

The Ames test could be used to determine

Question 17

In specialized transduction,virtually any genetic marker can be transferred from donor to recipient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Following uptake,transforming DNA becomes attached to a competence-specific protein that prevents it from nuclease attack until it reaches the chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In transformation experiments using a variety of Bacteria,it has been noted that essentially all of the cells in a population can become competent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Horizontal gene transfer in Archaea

Accepted Answer

A) is infrequent in nature and therefore difficult to use for genetic studies in the laboratory. 
B) has not been documented,thus all genetic studies of archaea are done via genomic sequencing. 
C) frequently occurs in nature and has been used to perform genetic studies in the laboratory as well. 
D) frequently occurs in nature,but there are very few laboratory studies because archaea do not cause human disease. 
A) is infrequent in nature and therefore difficult to use for genetic studies in the laboratory. 
B) has not been documented,thus all genetic studies of archaea are done via genomic sequencing. 
C) frequently occurs in nature and has been used to perform genetic studies in the laboratory as well. 
D) frequently occurs in nature,but there are very few laboratory studies because archaea do not cause human disease.

Exam 10: Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Many Bacteria isolated from nature are natural lysogens.

The SOS regulatory system is activated by

Genetic recombination involving insertion sequences typically results in what type of mutation?

Explain how electroporation works and the significance of the procedure for genetic experiments.

When DNA is transferred into a prokaryotic cell it may

A strain of an organism with an increased mutation rate is known as a(n)

The CRISPR system is said to protect or preserve genome integrity in prokaryotic cells by acting as a type of "immune system." Explain how the CRISPR system works and its limitations.

Chemical mutagens,UV radiation,and ionizing radiation all increase mutation rates,but they have different mechanisms.Which type of mutagen would be best suited for creating large deletions and rearrangements within a genome?

A plasmid may

Transposons can be found on many genetic elements,including plasmids,chromosomes,and viral genomes.

The CRISPR system

Why is the outcome of a base-pair substitution mutation variable? List and describe the possible outcomes of a base-pair substitution mutation in your answer.

Consider conjugation in Escherichia coli.In which of the following matings would chromosomal genes be transferred most frequently?

In specialized transduction,as exemplified by lambda phage in E.coli,transduction occurs at high efficiency for only a restricted group of genes near the insertion site of lambda.

When damaged or single-stranded DNA activates the RecA protein,the RecA protein stimulates the cleavage of LexA.This results in

Design an experiment (including controls)to determine if a new kitchen chemical cleaner is mutagenic.Include in your answer how you would interpret the results.

In specialized transduction,virtually any genetic marker can be transferred from donor to recipient.

Following uptake,transforming DNA becomes attached to a competence-specific protein that prevents it from nuclease attack until it reaches the chromosome.

In transformation experiments using a variety of Bacteria,it has been noted that essentially all of the cells in a population can become competent.

Horizontal gene transfer in Archaea

Microorganisms and Microbiology

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