Question 1

Bioremediation of uranium depends on

Accepted Answer

A) fermentation and oxidation. 
B) methanogens. 
C) metal-reducing bacteria. 
D) metal-oxidizing bacteria. 
A) fermentation and oxidation. 
B) methanogens. 
C) metal-reducing bacteria. 
D) metal-oxidizing bacteria. C

Question 2

Which of the following can be completely degraded to carbon dioxide by microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

A) petroleum 
B) uranium 
C) chlorinated organics 
D) petroleum and chlorinated organics 
A) petroleum 
B) uranium 
C) chlorinated organics 
D) petroleum and chlorinated organics D

Question 3

Which of the following is the first,or initiator,reaction in acid mine drainage and leaching?

Accepted Answer

A) oxidation of reduced sulfides to sulfate and the release of reduced iron (Fe²⁺) 
B) rapid spontaneous reduction of oxidized iron (Fe³⁺) 
C) rapid oxidation of sulfides to sulfate by oxidized iron (Fe³⁺) 
D) microbial sulfate reduction 
A) oxidation of reduced sulfides to sulfate and the release of reduced iron (Fe²⁺) 
B) rapid spontaneous reduction of oxidized iron (Fe³⁺) 
C) rapid oxidation of sulfides to sulfate by oxidized iron (Fe³⁺) 
D) microbial sulfate reduction A

Question 4

Crown corrosion of concrete wastewater distribution systems is the result of

Accepted Answer

A) acidic fermentation products reacting with the gypsum in the concrete. 
B) sulfate reduction in the sewage and sulfide oxidation in the oxic headspace above. 
C) fungal growth in the concrete. 
D) rapid iron reduction coupled to pyrite dissolution. 
A) acidic fermentation products reacting with the gypsum in the concrete. 
B) sulfate reduction in the sewage and sulfide oxidation in the oxic headspace above. 
C) fungal growth in the concrete. 
D) rapid iron reduction coupled to pyrite dissolution.

Question 5

Inorganic pollutants such as metals and radionuclides can be completely destroyed through bioremediation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Reductive dechlorination is a process in which

Accepted Answer

A) the number of chlorine atoms present is reduced by oxygenase enzymes. 
B) chlorinated organics are used as terminal electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration. 
C) carbon dioxide is the final end product. 
D) xenobiotics are cometabolized with other reductive reactions. 
A) the number of chlorine atoms present is reduced by oxygenase enzymes. 
B) chlorinated organics are used as terminal electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration. 
C) carbon dioxide is the final end product. 
D) xenobiotics are cometabolized with other reductive reactions.

Question 7

Why are some xenobiotics biodegraded slower than crude oil and petroleum products?

Accepted Answer

A) Xenobiotics were designed to inhibit microbial growth. 
B) Some xenobiotics are novel compounds that differ from naturally occurring chemicals,thus microorganisms have not yet evolved to effectively degrade them. 
C) Only cometabolic microbial processes degrade xenobiotics. 
D) Chlorinated compounds are so toxic that biodegradation is not possible. 
A) Xenobiotics were designed to inhibit microbial growth. 
B) Some xenobiotics are novel compounds that differ from naturally occurring chemicals,thus microorganisms have not yet evolved to effectively degrade them. 
C) Only cometabolic microbial processes degrade xenobiotics. 
D) Chlorinated compounds are so toxic that biodegradation is not possible.

Question 8

Reductive dechlorination is important in the breakdown of chlorinated xenobiotics because

Accepted Answer

A) anoxic conditions develop rapidly in polluted habitats. 
B) oxygen is not present in most soils. 
C) aerobic breakdown of xenobiotics is not possible. 
D) only cometabolism occurs aerobically. 
A) anoxic conditions develop rapidly in polluted habitats. 
B) oxygen is not present in most soils. 
C) aerobic breakdown of xenobiotics is not possible. 
D) only cometabolism occurs aerobically.

Question 9

Potable water is NOT safe for human consumption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The production of ________ by ________ is thought to be a major contributor to the biodeterioration of stone building materials.

Accepted Answer

A) oxalic acid / fungi 
B) sulfuric acid / sulfate reducers 
C) nitric acid / nitrate reducers 
D) carbonic acid / lichens 
A) oxalic acid / fungi 
B) sulfuric acid / sulfate reducers 
C) nitric acid / nitrate reducers 
D) carbonic acid / lichens

Question 11

Compare the operation and function of a trickling filter system and activated sludge.

Accepted Answer

Both systems are used as a secondary aer

Question 12

Pyrite (FeS₂)is common in bituminous coal and metal ores and is a critical component of the microbial leaching of ores and acid mine drainage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Synthetic plastics are

Accepted Answer

A) oxidized completely to carbon dioxide after a few years under aerobic conditions. 
B) partially degraded into branched chain and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. 
C) degraded slowly under anoxic conditions. 
D) extremely recalcitrant to microbial degradation. 
A) oxidized completely to carbon dioxide after a few years under aerobic conditions. 
B) partially degraded into branched chain and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. 
C) degraded slowly under anoxic conditions. 
D) extremely recalcitrant to microbial degradation.

Question 14

Based on your knowledge of hydrocarbon degradation,what factors most likely limited the rate of petroleum degradation after the Exxon Valdez oil spill off the coast of Alaska?

Accepted Answer

A) salt concentration 
B) temperature 
C) inorganic nutrient concentrations 
D) temperature and inorganic nutrient concentrations 
A) salt concentration 
B) temperature 
C) inorganic nutrient concentrations 
D) temperature and inorganic nutrient concentrations

Question 15

In water,MOST taste- and odor-producing compounds are inorganic in nature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following hydrocarbon compounds are MOST recalcitrant?

Accepted Answer

A) straight-chain hydrocarbons 
B) ethane 
C) polycyclic hydrocarbons 
D) propane 
A) straight-chain hydrocarbons 
B) ethane 
C) polycyclic hydrocarbons 
D) propane

Question 17

Which statement BEST describes sewage and wastewater?

Accepted Answer

A) Wastewater is a subset of sewage. 
B) Sewage is a subset of wastewater. 
C) Wastewater and sewage are virtually synonymous. 
D) Wastewater and sewage are both subsets of all liquid effluents from domestic and industrial sources. 
A) Wastewater is a subset of sewage. 
B) Sewage is a subset of wastewater. 
C) Wastewater and sewage are virtually synonymous. 
D) Wastewater and sewage are both subsets of all liquid effluents from domestic and industrial sources.

Question 18

Chlorinated xenobiotics can ONLY be degraded aerobically,thus making them very recalcitrant if they accumulate in anoxic environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Aerobic secondary treatment is usually best for ________ wastewater.

Accepted Answer

A) industrial 
B) agricultural 
C) residential 
D) chemical 
A) industrial 
B) agricultural 
C) residential 
D) chemical

Question 20

MOST wastewater treatment facilities employ methods designed to detect each pathogenic organism that may be present in a given sample.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 21: Microbiology of the Built Environment

Bioremediation of uranium depends on

Which of the following can be completely degraded to carbon dioxide by microorganisms?

Which of the following is the first,or initiator,reaction in acid mine drainage and leaching?

Crown corrosion of concrete wastewater distribution systems is the result of

Inorganic pollutants such as metals and radionuclides can be completely destroyed through bioremediation.

Reductive dechlorination is a process in which

Why are some xenobiotics biodegraded slower than crude oil and petroleum products?

Reductive dechlorination is important in the breakdown of chlorinated xenobiotics because

Potable water is NOT safe for human consumption.

The production of ________ by ________ is thought to be a major contributor to the biodeterioration of stone building materials.

Compare the operation and function of a trickling filter system and activated sludge.

Pyrite (FeS₂)is common in bituminous coal and metal ores and is a critical component of the microbial leaching of ores and acid mine drainage.

Synthetic plastics are

Based on your knowledge of hydrocarbon degradation,what factors most likely limited the rate of petroleum degradation after the Exxon Valdez oil spill off the coast of Alaska?

In water,MOST taste- and odor-producing compounds are inorganic in nature.

Which of the following hydrocarbon compounds are MOST recalcitrant?

Which statement BEST describes sewage and wastewater?

Chlorinated xenobiotics can ONLY be degraded aerobically,thus making them very recalcitrant if they accumulate in anoxic environments.

Aerobic secondary treatment is usually best for ________ wastewater.

MOST wastewater treatment facilities employ methods designed to detect each pathogenic organism that may be present in a given sample.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

The production of by is thought to be a major contributor to the biodeterioration of stone building materials.