Exam 1: Microorganisms and Microbiology

The disease anthrax is caused by the pathogenic bacterium ________,which produces heat-resistant structures known as ________.

Most microorganisms are pathogenic.

Explain why microbial cells are excellent models for understanding cell function in higher organisms.

A microbial cell's membrane is considered ________,because its internal constituents are maintained within the cell.However,it also imports and exports other molecules in response to its environment.

Differentiation occurs only in multicellular organisms.

Microbial control in wastewaters would most logically be a part of

Microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of important nutrients in plant nutrition,particularly those of

Microbes were first formally observed during the mid-1600s,but the cell theory was not enunciated until 1839.Write a brief essay explaining why microbiology did not become a formally recognized science until Louis Pasteur's and Robert Koch's time.

Martinus Beijerinck was the first to isolate

A pure culture

In what/which domain(s)of life is/are microorganisms represented?

Fannie Hesse is credited with giving ________ the idea to use agar as a solidifying agent.

Explain the nature and function of an enrichment culture.

Louis Pasteur's most famous success was his work on

Explain why infectious diseases are much less lethal in developed countries than in underdeveloped countries.

The process whereby microorganisms are used to help clean up pollution created by human activities is known as

________ was the first to describe microorganisms,while ________ was the first person to see bacteria.

The bubonic plague was caused by Yersinia pestis,a highly pathogenic virus.

The explosive chemical trinitrotoluene (TNT)can remain in soils after use and is hazardous to humans.Propose an experiment in which TNT-degrading microorganisms could be isolated for purposes of bioremediation.Also indicate what experimental evidence would be useful to isolate TNT-degrading microorganisms.

Microbes playing a role in nitrogen fixation in plants live in ________,while those playing a role in the digestive tract of certain herbivores live in ________.