Question 1

What are the four conditions of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

1)The consumer's attention must be directed toward the appropriate model.
2)The consumer must remember what the model says or does.
3)The consumer must convert this information into action.
4)Finally,the consumer must be motivated to perform these actions.

Question 2

A consumer learns not to perform responses that lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  wearout. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  wearout. B

Question 3

Give examples of two ways in which marketers use stimulus generalization.

Accepted Answer

May vary depending on which examples are used.
Four ways:
1)family branding
2)product-line extension
3)licensing
4)look-alike packaging

Question 4

The process of acquiring information and storing it over time so that it will be available when needed is:

Accepted Answer

A)  information acquisition. 
B)  memory. 
C)  retrieval. 
D)  chunking. 
A)  information acquisition. 
B)  memory. 
C)  retrieval. 
D)  chunking.

Question 5

"Working memory" is another name for:

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic memory. 
B)  short-term memory. 
C)  sensory memory. 
D)  elaborative rehearsal. 
A)  episodic memory. 
B)  short-term memory. 
C)  sensory memory. 
D)  elaborative rehearsal.

Question 6

Masked branding usually involves representing a brand in a similar way to a competitor's brand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Give an example of classical conditioning,listing the correct terminology for the elements in the process.

Accepted Answer

May vary given the example used.
Pavlov

Question 8

Research indicates that it is possible for learning to occur by observation and when we are not trying.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Explain what behavioural learning theory is. What do learning theorists mean by the term "black box"?

Accepted Answer

Behavioural learning theories assume tha

Question 10

Matthew served a new wine cooler to guests who complimented his choice. Matthew will be likely to buy that brand again because he now knows that guests will praise his choice. His learning is an example of operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

One way marketers can trigger nostalgia in an individual is by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing brand equity. 
B)  having the marketer's product present in their evoked set. 
C)  introducing a retro brand. 
D)  creating a new fashionable trend. 
A)  increasing brand equity. 
B)  having the marketer's product present in their evoked set. 
C)  introducing a retro brand. 
D)  creating a new fashionable trend.

Question 12

Behavioural psychologists who view the mind as a "black box" emphasize the internal thought processes that take place there.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In Pavlov's famous physiological experiments with dogs,he paired a bell with presentation of food. Over a period of time,dogs were observed to start drooling (salivating)when they heard the bell only. What was the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal nervous system 
B)  salivation 
C)  meat powder 
D)  bell 
A)  skeletal nervous system 
B)  salivation 
C)  meat powder 
D)  bell

Question 14

People who play slot machines play and play and play; this behaviour is difficult to extinguish. They never know when they are going to "hit." This reinforcement schedule is called "variable-interval reinforcement."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Children who are exposed to new methods of aggression in television shows (e.g.,by cartoon heroes)may try to use these behaviours themselves at a later time. This form of learning is termed "modelling."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

________ memories are memories for events that are personally relevant.

Accepted Answer

A)  Semantic 
B)  Sensory 
C)  Episodic 
D)  Narrative 
A)  Semantic 
B)  Sensory 
C)  Episodic 
D)  Narrative

Question 17

Combining small pieces of information into larger ones to help in processing is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  collapsing. 
B)  chunking. 
C)  elaborative rehearsing. 
D)  retrieving evoked set. 
A)  collapsing. 
B)  chunking. 
C)  elaborative rehearsing. 
D)  retrieving evoked set.

Question 18

You see a humorous commercial for Coca-Cola that has been repeated several times during your favourite TV show. While you are at the grocery store,you see a bottle of Coca-Cola and smile uncontrollably at the products. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  instrumental conditioning 
C)  subliminal perception 
D)  incidental learning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  instrumental conditioning 
C)  subliminal perception 
D)  incidental learning

Question 19

The main difference between instrumental and classical conditioning is:

Accepted Answer

A)  under classical conditioning, people learn deliberately, while under instrumental conditioning, people learn involuntarily. 
B)  under classical conditioning, people learn by watching the actions of others, while under instrumental conditioning, people learn involuntarily. 
C)  under classical conditioning, people learn involuntarily, while under instrumental conditioning, people learn by associating behaviours with rewards and punishments. 
D)  based on the degree to which people are exposed to a stimulus. 
A)  under classical conditioning, people learn deliberately, while under instrumental conditioning, people learn involuntarily. 
B)  under classical conditioning, people learn by watching the actions of others, while under instrumental conditioning, people learn involuntarily. 
C)  under classical conditioning, people learn involuntarily, while under instrumental conditioning, people learn by associating behaviours with rewards and punishments. 
D)  based on the degree to which people are exposed to a stimulus.

Question 20

Activation models of memory consider that knowledge is coded at varying levels of complexity. The lowest level of complexity,stored in nodes,is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  meaning concepts. 
B)  propositions. 
C)  schemas. 
D)  scripts. 
A)  meaning concepts. 
B)  propositions. 
C)  schemas. 
D)  scripts.

What are the four conditions of observational learning?

A consumer learns not to perform responses that lead to:

Give examples of two ways in which marketers use stimulus generalization.

The process of acquiring information and storing it over time so that it will be available when needed is:

"Working memory" is another name for:

Masked branding usually involves representing a brand in a similar way to a competitor's brand.

Give an example of classical conditioning,listing the correct terminology for the elements in the process.

Research indicates that it is possible for learning to occur by observation and when we are not trying.

Explain what behavioural learning theory is. What do learning theorists mean by the term "black box"?

Matthew served a new wine cooler to guests who complimented his choice. Matthew will be likely to buy that brand again because he now knows that guests will praise his choice. His learning is an example of operant conditioning.

One way marketers can trigger nostalgia in an individual is by:

Behavioural psychologists who view the mind as a "black box" emphasize the internal thought processes that take place there.

In Pavlov's famous physiological experiments with dogs,he paired a bell with presentation of food. Over a period of time,dogs were observed to start drooling (salivating)when they heard the bell only. What was the conditioned stimulus?

People who play slot machines play and play and play; this behaviour is difficult to extinguish. They never know when they are going to "hit." This reinforcement schedule is called "variable-interval reinforcement."

Children who are exposed to new methods of aggression in television shows (e.g.,by cartoon heroes)may try to use these behaviours themselves at a later time. This form of learning is termed "modelling."

________ memories are memories for events that are personally relevant.

Combining small pieces of information into larger ones to help in processing is called:

You see a humorous commercial for Coca-Cola that has been repeated several times during your favourite TV show. While you are at the grocery store,you see a bottle of Coca-Cola and smile uncontrollably at the products. What is this an example of?

The main difference between instrumental and classical conditioning is:

Activation models of memory consider that knowledge is coded at varying levels of complexity. The lowest level of complexity,stored in nodes,is called:

An Introduction to Consumer Behaviour

Perception

Motivation and Affect

The Self

Personality, Lifestyles, and Values

Attitudes

Attitude Change and Interactive Communications

Individual Decision Making

Buying and Disposing

Group Influence and Social Media

Income, Social Class, and Family Structure

Subcultures

Cultural Influences on Consumer Behaviour

The Creation and Diffusion of Culture

Filters

Exam 3: Learning and Memory

What are the four conditions of observational learning?

A consumer learns not to perform responses that lead to:

Give examples of two ways in which marketers use stimulus generalization.

The process of acquiring information and storing it over time so that it will be available when needed is:

"Working memory" is another name for:

Masked branding usually involves representing a brand in a similar way to a competitor's brand.

Give an example of classical conditioning,listing the correct terminology for the elements in the process.

Research indicates that it is possible for learning to occur by observation and when we are not trying.

Explain what behavioural learning theory is. What do learning theorists mean by the term "black box"?

Matthew served a new wine cooler to guests who complimented his choice. Matthew will be likely to buy that brand again because he now knows that guests will praise his choice. His learning is an example of operant conditioning.

One way marketers can trigger nostalgia in an individual is by:

Behavioural psychologists who view the mind as a "black box" emphasize the internal thought processes that take place there.

In Pavlov's famous physiological experiments with dogs,he paired a bell with presentation of food. Over a period of time,dogs were observed to start drooling (salivating)when they heard the bell only. What was the conditioned stimulus?

People who play slot machines play and play and play; this behaviour is difficult to extinguish. They never know when they are going to "hit." This reinforcement schedule is called "variable-interval reinforcement."

Children who are exposed to new methods of aggression in television shows (e.g.,by cartoon heroes)may try to use these behaviours themselves at a later time. This form of learning is termed "modelling."

________ memories are memories for events that are personally relevant.

Combining small pieces of information into larger ones to help in processing is called:

You see a humorous commercial for Coca-Cola that has been repeated several times during your favourite TV show. While you are at the grocery store,you see a bottle of Coca-Cola and smile uncontrollably at the products. What is this an example of?

The main difference between instrumental and classical conditioning is:

Activation models of memory consider that knowledge is coded at varying levels of complexity. The lowest level of complexity,stored in nodes,is called:

An Introduction to Consumer Behaviour

Perception

Motivation and Affect

The Self

Personality, Lifestyles, and Values

Attitudes

Attitude Change and Interactive Communications

Individual Decision Making

Buying and Disposing

Group Influence and Social Media

Income, Social Class, and Family Structure

Subcultures

Cultural Influences on Consumer Behaviour

The Creation and Diffusion of Culture

Filters