Exam 3: Learning and Memory

Extinction occurs when a CS is no longer matched with a UCS. This implies that extinction results from learning and not from memory loss.

If gambling is maintained by variable-ratio reinforcement,what type of reinforcement would best characterize fishing?

How are unipolar emotions and mixed emotions different?

Melissa knows that when she goes to the dentist she must make an appointment,show up on time,bring proof of insurance,and have her teeth cleaned before any other dental services will be performed. With respect to her visit to the dentist,Melissa has learned a knowledge technique known as a:

Contemporary research assumes that the mind processes,stores,and recalls some data in ways similar to a computer.

Recent research shows that a car manufacturer,Grey Motors,is perceived as being "old" by young consumers. To overcome this issue they create a new product line,Flash,and in their advertising materials hide all associations with Grey Motors. This is an example of:

Neutrogena is a well-known brand of shampoo sold in a distinctively shaped unbreakable bottle. A major New York store sells shampoo in a nearly identical-looking bottle with its own name on it. Consumers who purchase the private label brand assuming it shares the product attributes of Neutrogena are showing the influence of:

Compare and contrast two types of learning that would be classified as behavioural learning.

Frequency marketing reinforces the behaviour of regular purchasers by giving them prizes:

Car ads featuring attractive women have been found to be effective because the woman is:

For the second time that day,Karla heard a radio ad announcing 40% off all spring jackets at a downtown Halifax ladies' clothing store. She decided to go and check out the sale as a result of the ads. We would conclude that ________ has occurred.

Seagull Pewter of Nova Scotia has "rented" the Disney brand name in the past and produced Disney characters to be sold in their product line. This action is known as:

Juan,while out cycling in Vancouver one day,found himself humming a jingle for farm tractors that he had heard on the radio. He found this surprising,as he had absolutely no interest in farming or tractors. This acquisition of knowledge is known as:

Some drug and grocery stores have cards whereby customers can collect points for purchases. Certain levels of points result in some sort of reward. This is an example of which kind of reinforcement?

What do we call the learning that occurs when a stimulus eliciting a response is paired with another stimulus that initially does not elicit a response on its own but,over time,also causes a similar response because of its association with the first stimulus?

Repeated pairings of CS and UCS over time may lead to a certain level of association,but when the pairings are only occasionally presented,the prior linking effects may disappear completely. This is called:

Define masked branding and provide an example.

List the four types of learning schedules. Give one marketing example and identify which type of schedule it is.

The belief that if you gamble long enough (e.g.,on a slot machine),you will eventually win,shows an understanding of which type of reinforcement scheduling?

Negative reinforcement occurs when a response is followed by unpleasant events,thereby decreasing the likelihood that a behaviour will be repeated.