Question 1

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Rifampin

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition D

Question 2

Antimicrobial agents that usually kill target organisms are said to be:

Accepted Answer

A) bactericidal. 
B) antibiotic. 
C) bacteriostatic. 
D) antagonistic. 
A) bactericidal. 
B) antibiotic. 
C) bacteriostatic. 
D) antagonistic. A

Question 3

Mycoplasmas are organisms without cell walls.Which antimicrobial agents would be ineffective in treating infections involving this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A) Tetracycline 
B) Aminoglycosides 
C) Penicillin 
D) Rifampin 
A) Tetracycline 
B) Aminoglycosides 
C) Penicillin 
D) Rifampin C

Question 4

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Polymyxin B

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition

Question 5

Antimicrobial resistance resulting from the normal genetic,structural,or physiologic state of a microorganism is referred to as ________ resistance.

Accepted Answer

A) intrinsic 
B) inherent 
C) microorganism-mediated 
D) clinical 
A) intrinsic 
B) inherent 
C) microorganism-mediated 
D) clinical

Question 6

Antibiotic resistance resulting from altered cellular physiologic structure caused by changes in a microorganism's usual genetic makeup is known as __________ resistance.

Accepted Answer

A) intrinsic 
B) inherent 
C) acquired 
D) environmentally mediated 
A) intrinsic 
B) inherent 
C) acquired 
D) environmentally mediated

Question 7

Antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial growth but generally do not kill the organism are known as:

Accepted Answer

A) bactericidal. 
B) antibiotic. 
C) bacteriostatic. 
D) antagonistic. 
A) bactericidal. 
B) antibiotic. 
C) bacteriostatic. 
D) antagonistic.

Question 8

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Vancomycin

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition

Question 9

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Tetracycline

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition

Question 10

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Penicillin

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition

Question 11

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Gentamicin

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition

Question 12

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive organism that produces the enzyme β-lactamase,which renders certain types of antibiotics inactive.The mode of action that is prevented in certain antibiotics sensitive to this enzyme is:

Accepted Answer

A) cell wall synthesis. 
B) protein synthesis to the 30S ribosomal subunit. 
C) protein synthesis to the 50S ribosomal subunit. 
D) deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A) synthesis. 
A) cell wall synthesis. 
B) protein synthesis to the 30S ribosomal subunit. 
C) protein synthesis to the 50S ribosomal subunit. 
D) deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A) synthesis.

Question 13

Klebsiella spp.were isolated from a sputum sample,and susceptibility testing was performed.The isolates were sensitive to several antibiotics;however,they were resistant to ampicillin.Which one of the following statements explains this discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

A) The ampicillin disk is most likely expired. 
B) Because Klebsiella spp.should be sensitive to ampicillin,a technical error is to blame. 
C) Ampicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis.In addition,because Klebsiella spp.do not have a cell wall,they should not have been tested for ampicillin. 
D) No discrepancy is present;Klebsiella spp.are normally resistant to ampicillin. 
A) The ampicillin disk is most likely expired. 
B) Because Klebsiella spp.should be sensitive to ampicillin,a technical error is to blame. 
C) Ampicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis.In addition,because Klebsiella spp.do not have a cell wall,they should not have been tested for ampicillin. 
D) No discrepancy is present;Klebsiella spp.are normally resistant to ampicillin.

Question 14

The mechanism of acquired,high-level resistance to vancomycin involves:

Accepted Answer

A) enzymatic destruction of the antibiotic. 
B) altered antibiotic targets. 
C) decreased intracellular uptake of the drug. 
D) production of altered cell wall precursors that do not bind the antibiotic with sufficient avidity. 
A) enzymatic destruction of the antibiotic. 
B) altered antibiotic targets. 
C) decreased intracellular uptake of the drug. 
D) production of altered cell wall precursors that do not bind the antibiotic with sufficient avidity.

Question 15

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action.
-Ciprofloxacin

Accepted Answer

A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition 
A) Cell wall synthesis inhibition 
B) Cell membrane function inhibition 
C) Protein synthesis inhibition 
D) DNA and ribonucleic acid (RN
A) synthesis inhibition

Exam 10: Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Rifampin

Antimicrobial agents that usually kill target organisms are said to be:

Mycoplasmas are organisms without cell walls.Which antimicrobial agents would be ineffective in treating infections involving this bacterium?

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Polymyxin B

Antimicrobial resistance resulting from the normal genetic,structural,or physiologic state of a microorganism is referred to as ________ resistance.

Antibiotic resistance resulting from altered cellular physiologic structure caused by changes in a microorganism's usual genetic makeup is known as __________ resistance.

Antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial growth but generally do not kill the organism are known as:

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Vancomycin

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Tetracycline

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Penicillin

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Gentamicin

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive organism that produces the enzyme β-lactamase,which renders certain types of antibiotics inactive.The mode of action that is prevented in certain antibiotics sensitive to this enzyme is:

Klebsiella spp.were isolated from a sputum sample,and susceptibility testing was performed.The isolates were sensitive to several antibiotics;however,they were resistant to ampicillin.Which one of the following statements explains this discrepancy?

The mechanism of acquired,high-level resistance to vancomycin involves:

Match the antimicrobial agent with its mode of action. -Ciprofloxacin

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics, metabolism, and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Overview of Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria Corynebacterium and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothrix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Laboratory Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Non-culturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Walldeficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Overview of the Methods and Strategies in Parasitology

Intestinal Protozoa

Blood and Tissue Protozoa

Protozoa From Other Body Sites

Intestinal Nematodes

Tissue Nematodes

Blood Nematodes

Intestinal Cestodes

Tissue Cestodes

Intestinal Trematodes

Liver and Lung Trematodes

Blood Trematodes

Overview of Fungal Identification Methods and Strategies

Hyaline Molds, Zygomycetes, Dermatophytes, and Opportunistic and Systemic Mycoses

Dematiaceious Molds

Opportunistic Atypical Fungus: Pjirovecii

The Yeasts

Anti-fungal Susceptibility Testing, therapy, and Prevention

Overview of the Methods and Strategies in Virology

Viruses in Human Disease

Antiviral Therapy Susceptibility Testing and Prevention