Question 1

Bad grades would be examples of secondary punishers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Match the descriptions with the appropriate type of reinforcement.
-Use of a reinforcer that is not inherently related to the activity being reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A) secondary reinforcement 
B) intrinsic reinforcement 
C) extrinsic reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement 
E) positive reinforcement 
A) secondary reinforcement 
B) intrinsic reinforcement 
C) extrinsic reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement 
E) positive reinforcement

Question 3

How have classical conditioning procedures been used to develop humane ways of discouraging predators from preying on livestock?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 4

Skinner rigged the cages of eight pigeons so that food was delivered every 15 seconds. Within a short time most of the pigeons were practicing some sort of consistent ritual, even though the ritual did not have the least effect on the delivery of the reinforcer. The birds were:

Accepted Answer

A)  trained by vicarious learning. 
B)  demonstrating spontaneous recovery. 
C)  behaving superstitiously. 
D)  developing phobias. 
A)  trained by vicarious learning. 
B)  demonstrating spontaneous recovery. 
C)  behaving superstitiously. 
D)  developing phobias.

Question 5

Match the examples with the appropriate type of reinforcement or punishment.
-Harry left the kitchen in a mess after baking a cake, so his mother told him he could not go out with his friends that evening.

Accepted Answer

A) negative punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) positive reinforcement 
A) negative punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) positive reinforcement

Question 6

The "dessert tray" phenomenon" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  feelings of satiation upon presentation of the dessert cart. 
B)  the oversizing of restaurant portions. 
C)  feelings of hunger upon presentation of the dessert cart. 
D)  classical conditioning of unpleasant food groups. 
A)  feelings of satiation upon presentation of the dessert cart. 
B)  the oversizing of restaurant portions. 
C)  feelings of hunger upon presentation of the dessert cart. 
D)  classical conditioning of unpleasant food groups.

Question 7

It is interesting to note that the two individuals most closely associated with behaviourism didn't plan the aspects of their research findings that became influential worldwide. Explain how Ivan Pavlov won a Nobel Prize for his work on digestion, but became renowned for his work on conditioning. Years later, when B. F. Skinner ran low on food pellets for his rats, he made a fortuitous discovery regarding reinforcement schedules. Describe Skinner's research regarding these schedules.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 8

Describe the role glutamate appears to play in the acquisition and extinction of a conditioned fear response.

Accepted Answer

The acquisition of a conditioned fear re

Question 9

Explain Pavlov's research procedures in studying the digestion of a dog.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 10

B. F. Skinner denied the existence of human consciousness and the value of studying it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

How do most behaviourists believe that secondary reinforcers acquire their abilities to influence behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true about B. F. Skinner?

Accepted Answer

A)  He insisted that free will is an illusion. 
B)  He raised his younger daughter in a "baby box." 
C)  He denied the existence of human consciousness. 
D)  He promoted a determinist view that people are shaped by their environment and genetic heritage. 
A)  He insisted that free will is an illusion. 
B)  He raised his younger daughter in a "baby box." 
C)  He denied the existence of human consciousness. 
D)  He promoted a determinist view that people are shaped by their environment and genetic heritage.

Question 13

Behaviourists focus on a basic kind of learning called:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioning. 
B)  absolute threshold. 
C)  metacognition. 
D)  instinctive drift. 
A)  conditioning. 
B)  absolute threshold. 
C)  metacognition. 
D)  instinctive drift.

Question 14

Match the descriptions with the appropriate type of reinforcement.
-A reinforcement procedure in which a response is followed by the presentation of, or increase in intensity of, a reinforcing stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) secondary reinforcement 
B) intrinsic reinforcement 
C) extrinsic reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement 
E) positive reinforcement 
A) secondary reinforcement 
B) intrinsic reinforcement 
C) extrinsic reinforcement 
D) negative reinforcement 
E) positive reinforcement

Question 15

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms.
-A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism's responses.

Accepted Answer

A) learning 
B) behaviourism 
C) observational learning 
D) conditioning 
E) behaviour modification 
A) learning 
B) behaviourism 
C) observational learning 
D) conditioning 
E) behaviour modification

Question 16

John Watson and his colleague Rosalie Rayner offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the ________ in their study.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus 
B)  counterconditioning stimulus 
C)  conditioned stimulus 
D)  discriminative stimulus 
A)  unconditioned stimulus 
B)  counterconditioning stimulus 
C)  conditioned stimulus 
D)  discriminative stimulus

Question 17

Stimulus generalization occurs when, after conditioning, an organism tends to respond to a stimulus that resembles one involved in the original conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Stimulus generalization has occurred if a child learns to fear spiders and then responds to beetles with fear.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

John B. Watson believed that classical conditioning could affect:

Accepted Answer

A)  our emotional responses. 
B)  our environment. 
C)  only physiological responses, such as salivation. 
D)  animal, but not human, behaviour. 
A)  our emotional responses. 
B)  our environment. 
C)  only physiological responses, such as salivation. 
D)  animal, but not human, behaviour.

Question 20

Ivan Pavlov won a Nobel Prize for his work in physiology and medicine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Bad grades would be examples of secondary punishers.

Match the descriptions with the appropriate type of reinforcement. -Use of a reinforcer that is not inherently related to the activity being reinforced.

How have classical conditioning procedures been used to develop humane ways of discouraging predators from preying on livestock?

Skinner rigged the cages of eight pigeons so that food was delivered every 15 seconds. Within a short time most of the pigeons were practicing some sort of consistent ritual, even though the ritual did not have the least effect on the delivery of the reinforcer. The birds were:

Match the examples with the appropriate type of reinforcement or punishment. -Harry left the kitchen in a mess after baking a cake, so his mother told him he could not go out with his friends that evening.

The "dessert tray" phenomenon" refers to:

Describe the role glutamate appears to play in the acquisition and extinction of a conditioned fear response.

Explain Pavlov's research procedures in studying the digestion of a dog.

B. F. Skinner denied the existence of human consciousness and the value of studying it.

How do most behaviourists believe that secondary reinforcers acquire their abilities to influence behaviours?

Which of the following is NOT true about B. F. Skinner?

Behaviourists focus on a basic kind of learning called:

Match the descriptions with the appropriate type of reinforcement. -A reinforcement procedure in which a response is followed by the presentation of, or increase in intensity of, a reinforcing stimulus.

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms. -A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism's responses.

John Watson and his colleague Rosalie Rayner offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the ________ in their study.

Stimulus generalization occurs when, after conditioning, an organism tends to respond to a stimulus that resembles one involved in the original conditioning.

Stimulus generalization has occurred if a child learns to fear spiders and then responds to beetles with fear.

John B. Watson believed that classical conditioning could affect:

Ivan Pavlov won a Nobel Prize for his work in physiology and medicine.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Bad grades would be examples of secondary punishers.

Match the descriptions with the appropriate type of reinforcement. -Use of a reinforcer that is not inherently related to the activity being reinforced.

How have classical conditioning procedures been used to develop humane ways of discouraging predators from preying on livestock?

Skinner rigged the cages of eight pigeons so that food was delivered every 15 seconds. Within a short time most of the pigeons were practicing some sort of consistent ritual, even though the ritual did not have the least effect on the delivery of the reinforcer. The birds were:

Match the examples with the appropriate type of reinforcement or punishment. -Harry left the kitchen in a mess after baking a cake, so his mother told him he could not go out with his friends that evening.

The "dessert tray" phenomenon" refers to:

Describe the role glutamate appears to play in the acquisition and extinction of a conditioned fear response.

Explain Pavlov's research procedures in studying the digestion of a dog.

B. F. Skinner denied the existence of human consciousness and the value of studying it.

How do most behaviourists believe that secondary reinforcers acquire their abilities to influence behaviours?

Which of the following is NOT true about B. F. Skinner?

Behaviourists focus on a basic kind of learning called:

Match the descriptions with the appropriate type of reinforcement. -A reinforcement procedure in which a response is followed by the presentation of, or increase in intensity of, a reinforcing stimulus.

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms. -A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism's responses.

John Watson and his colleague Rosalie Rayner offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the ________ in their study.

Stimulus generalization occurs when, after conditioning, an organism tends to respond to a stimulus that resembles one involved in the original conditioning.

Stimulus generalization has occurred if a child learns to fear spiders and then responds to beetles with fear.

John B. Watson believed that classical conditioning could affect:

Ivan Pavlov won a Nobel Prize for his work in physiology and medicine.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters