Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Shortly after Martin and his wife ate filet mignon with Béarnaise sauce, Martin fell ill with the flu. Classical conditioning occurred and Béarnaise sauce became a conditioned stimuli for nausea. The waiter, however, did not become a conditioned stimulus. According to the Garcia effect:

When a stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus fails to evoke the conditioned response, then stimulus discrimination has occurred.

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation concerning effective use of behaviour modification?

You classically condition your dog Milo to salivate when middle C is played on the piano. When you play D instead of C Milo doesn't receive food and eventually Milo is salivating for C but not for D! This phenomenon is known as:

Match the descriptions with the appropriate concept. -A stimulus that signals when a particular response is likely to be followed by a certain type of consequence.

Bad grades would be examples of primary punishers.

________ helps explain why people often get attached to "lucky" hats, charms, and rituals.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

B. F. Skinner was a cold-blooded individual who raised his daughter, Deborah, in an "Air-Crib" without benefit of cuddling and holding.

The classical-conditioning term for a reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning is:

Match the types of learning with the appropriate names. -Latent learning

Harry and Sally want their daughter Olivia to enjoy the opera. They tell her that they will pay her $20 for attending The Barber of Seville with them. How could their plan backfire?

Iris learns a positive response to the word Thanksgiving because of its association with lots of good food and visits from favourite relatives. This would be an example of:

Match the types of learning with the appropriate names. -Classical conditioning

Which of the statements below is NOT an explanation for why punishment fails?

For over a month, Ruth studies every night for four hours in order to do well in her college courses. However, she is beginning to feel left out of things because she is losing so much fun time with her friends. Ruth decreases the amount she studies, thus illustrating the influence of:

In her 1924 article, "A laboratory study of fear: The case of Peter," Mary Cover Jones reported the successful treatment of a three-year-old boy with a "home-grown" phobia of rabbits. Name the method that was used by Mary Cover Jones. Describe the principles of her technique. What steps needed to be taken to ensure that the fear of rabbits wouldn't be generalized to pleasant stimuli? What is the variation of her procedure that has been used to treat phobias in adults?

As a young doctoral student, Edward Thorndike set the stage for the emergence of operant conditioning. Describe the research that Thorndike conducted with cats in a puzzle box. How did the cats behave at first when they wanted to reach a scrap of fish that was just outside the box? What happened over time? What conclusions did Thorndike reach? Although B. F. Skinner expanded on Thorndike's principles, Skinner avoided some terminology because it implied assumptions that Skinner felt were inappropriate. What changes did Skinner make?

Principles of operant conditioning have been used to help explain why people get attached to "lucky" hats, charms, and rituals. Using these principles, explain how an athlete might show this type of attachment. How did Skinner demonstrate the phenomenon of superstitious behaviour with eight pigeons in his laboratory?

Isabella learns a positive response to the word birthday because of its association with gifts and attention. This would be an example of: