Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Vanessa and Kurt want their son to keep his room clean. All of the following statements would be good advice for them to follow EXCEPT:

In the initial salivary reflex studied by Pavlov, what was the unconditioned stimulus?

A stimulus that is inherently reinforcing is called a secondary reinforcer.

Strict behaviourists avoid the word reward in favour of the word reinforcement.

Social-learning theory, developed initially by Dollard and Miller, proposes that most human learning is a result of:

Through classical conditioning procedures, slugs have been trained to associate the smell of carrots with a bitter-tasting chemical.

Describe the different kinds of stimuli and responses that occurred in the "Little Albert" study conducted by John Watson and Rosalie Raynor.

What actually is learned in classical conditioning is:

Since the salivation of the dogs was interfering with his work on digestion, Pavlov's first response was annoyance at the secretions that occurred before the meat powder was placed on the dog's tongue.

In the 1940s, two social scientists proposed a social-learning theory stating that most human learning occurs through observing other people in a social context.

Dorothy's mother has had hip replacement surgery. She is recovering well but is tentative and nervous about being left alone. Using the principles of behaviour modification and specifically positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement, how can Dorothy plan activities to strengthen her mother's independence?

Pavlov said that learning occurs when:

In Chapter 7, Learning and Conditioning, we read about the problems Keller and Marian Breland encountered when they ignored biological constraints by trying to condition pigs to drop large wooden coins in a box. The Brelands realized that the pig's rooting instinct, using its snout to uncover and dig up edible roots, was keeping it from learning the task. People are also influenced by the evolutionary history of our human species. Integrate the information learned in Chapter 3, Genes, Evolution, and Environment, with information about operant and classical conditioning. In your essay, include a discussion of language.

Describe the way that John Watson used classical conditioning procedures to explain how an individual learns to love another person.

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms. -An approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behaviour and the role of the environment as a determinant of behaviour.

According to behaviourists, conditioning can explain:

Describe two differences between the two types of conditioning studied by behaviourists.

Secondary reinforcers and punishers are often called conditioned reinforcers and punishers.

Evolutionary psychologists note that humans are primed to be susceptible to certain kinds of acquired fears. Explain why this would be adaptive.

Match the examples with the appropriate type of reinforcement or punishment. -Because she had not studied for her history test, Maria received a D on the test.