Question 1

Having one's hair lightly stroked would be a primary reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

You clean your room so your mother will stop nagging you. Your mother used ________ to get you to clean your room.

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  primary reinforcement 
A)  punishment 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  primary reinforcement

Question 3

Aiden is afraid of the bath, and so his father puts two inches of water in the tub and gives Aiden a popsicle to eat while he washes Aiden's back. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  counterconditioning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
A)  counterconditioning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 4

Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behaviour is a procedure called:

Accepted Answer

A)  higher-order conditioning. 
B)  chaining. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  training. 
A)  higher-order conditioning. 
B)  chaining. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  training.

Question 5

________ is the classical-conditioning term for an initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A)  Unconditioned stimulus 
B)  Conditioned stimulus 
C)  Unconditioned response 
D)  Conditioned response 
A)  Unconditioned stimulus 
B)  Conditioned stimulus 
C)  Unconditioned response 
D)  Conditioned response

Question 6

Match the definitions with the appropriate concepts.
-A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism's responses.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) higher-order conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) counterconditioning 
E) conditioning 
A) operant conditioning 
B) higher-order conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) counterconditioning 
E) conditioning

Question 7

Match the definitions with the appropriate concepts.
-The process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) higher-order conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) counterconditioning 
E) conditioning 
A) operant conditioning 
B) higher-order conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) counterconditioning 
E) conditioning

Question 8

The classical-conditioning term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response. 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response. 
A)  conditioned response. 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 9

The difference between a reinforcer and a punisher is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcers are primary and punishers are secondary. 
B)  reinforcers are positive and punishers are negative. 
C)  reinforcers strengthen behaviour and punishers weaken behaviour. 
D)  punishers are primary and reinforcers are secondary. 
A)  reinforcers are primary and punishers are secondary. 
B)  reinforcers are positive and punishers are negative. 
C)  reinforcers strengthen behaviour and punishers weaken behaviour. 
D)  punishers are primary and reinforcers are secondary.

Question 10

There is a strong correlation between media violence and aggression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Social-cognitive theorists would argue that learning is not so much a change in behaviour as it is a change in knowledge that has the potential for affecting behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Higher-order conditioning may contribute to the formation of:

Accepted Answer

A)  social values. 
B)  prejudice. 
C)  generalizations. 
D)  conditioned stimuli. 
A)  social values. 
B)  prejudice. 
C)  generalizations. 
D)  conditioned stimuli.

Question 13

Harmony notices that her cat scurries into the kitchen as soon as Harmony opens a can of cat food with an electric can opener. In this example, the ________ is the conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  cat scurrying into the kitchen 
B)  can of cat food 
C)  dish that Harmony puts the food in 
D)  sound of the electric can opener 
A)  cat scurrying into the kitchen 
B)  can of cat food 
C)  dish that Harmony puts the food in 
D)  sound of the electric can opener

Question 14

A common error that people make is to reward on an intermittent basis the very responses that they would like to eliminate. Create an example that illustrates this type of error and that explains the consequences that could occur.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 15

When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box, they found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  when given edible roots as reinforcers, the pig learned the task in less than 10 trials. 
B)  the pig showed intrinsic interest in the task and so reinforcement was unnecessary. 
C)  the pig displayed instinctive drift by dropping the coin, rooting, and throwing the coin in the air. 
D)  food was not an effective reinforcer for the pig and so learning didn't occur. 
A)  when given edible roots as reinforcers, the pig learned the task in less than 10 trials. 
B)  the pig showed intrinsic interest in the task and so reinforcement was unnecessary. 
C)  the pig displayed instinctive drift by dropping the coin, rooting, and throwing the coin in the air. 
D)  food was not an effective reinforcer for the pig and so learning didn't occur.

Question 16

A girl classically conditions her dog to blink by blowing into her dog's eyes just after saying "blink!" Unfortunately, her parrot overhears the procedure, and says "blink" all day long when the girl is out. When she returns, the girl says "blink" to her dog, but he does not blink. It appears as though:

Accepted Answer

A)  the dog's behaviour has generalized. 
B)  the dog is now under the parrot's control. 
C)  spontaneous recovery has occurred. 
D)  extinction has taken place. 
A)  the dog's behaviour has generalized. 
B)  the dog is now under the parrot's control. 
C)  spontaneous recovery has occurred. 
D)  extinction has taken place.

Question 17

In the 1930s, behaviourist Edward Tolman committed virtual heresy among his colleagues by noting that:

Accepted Answer

A)  when his rats were on continuous reinforcement schedules they were very resistant to extinction. 
B)  irrational fear of heights cannot be explained through principles of classical conditioning. 
C)  when his rats ran a maze they seemed to pause to decide which way to go. 
D)  operant conditioning principles cannot account for superstitious rituals. 
A)  when his rats were on continuous reinforcement schedules they were very resistant to extinction. 
B)  irrational fear of heights cannot be explained through principles of classical conditioning. 
C)  when his rats ran a maze they seemed to pause to decide which way to go. 
D)  operant conditioning principles cannot account for superstitious rituals.

Question 18

Match the definitions with the appropriate concepts.
-The process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) higher-order conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) counterconditioning 
E) conditioning 
A) operant conditioning 
B) higher-order conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) counterconditioning 
E) conditioning

Question 19

Humans are biologically primed to associate sickness with tastes more readily than with sights.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Isabel's parents want to reinforce her for cleaning her room, but Isabel never cleans it. The solution to this dilemma is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  clean the room completely for her the first time and then reinforce her for maintaining a state of cleanliness. 
B)  reinforce tendencies in the right direction, slowly requiring more similarity to the desired response before reinforcement is given. 
C)  use negative punishment by withdrawing the use of toys until the room is clean, and then begin reinforcement. 
D)  use positive punishment by having Isabel pay fines out of her allowance until the room is clean, and then begin reinforcement. 
A)  clean the room completely for her the first time and then reinforce her for maintaining a state of cleanliness. 
B)  reinforce tendencies in the right direction, slowly requiring more similarity to the desired response before reinforcement is given. 
C)  use negative punishment by withdrawing the use of toys until the room is clean, and then begin reinforcement. 
D)  use positive punishment by having Isabel pay fines out of her allowance until the room is clean, and then begin reinforcement.

Having one's hair lightly stroked would be a primary reinforcer.

You clean your room so your mother will stop nagging you. Your mother used ________ to get you to clean your room.

Aiden is afraid of the bath, and so his father puts two inches of water in the tub and gives Aiden a popsicle to eat while he washes Aiden's back. This is an example of:

Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behaviour is a procedure called:

________ is the classical-conditioning term for an initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response.

Match the definitions with the appropriate concepts. -A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism's responses.

Match the definitions with the appropriate concepts. -The process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response.

The classical-conditioning term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus is:

The difference between a reinforcer and a punisher is that:

There is a strong correlation between media violence and aggression.

Social-cognitive theorists would argue that learning is not so much a change in behaviour as it is a change in knowledge that has the potential for affecting behaviour.

Higher-order conditioning may contribute to the formation of:

Harmony notices that her cat scurries into the kitchen as soon as Harmony opens a can of cat food with an electric can opener. In this example, the ________ is the conditioned stimulus.

A common error that people make is to reward on an intermittent basis the very responses that they would like to eliminate. Create an example that illustrates this type of error and that explains the consequences that could occur.

When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box, they found that:

In the 1930s, behaviourist Edward Tolman committed virtual heresy among his colleagues by noting that:

Match the definitions with the appropriate concepts. -The process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.

Humans are biologically primed to associate sickness with tastes more readily than with sights.

Isabel's parents want to reinforce her for cleaning her room, but Isabel never cleans it. The solution to this dilemma is to:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Having one's hair lightly stroked would be a primary reinforcer.

You clean your room so your mother will stop nagging you. Your mother used ________ to get you to clean your room.

Aiden is afraid of the bath, and so his father puts two inches of water in the tub and gives Aiden a popsicle to eat while he washes Aiden's back. This is an example of:

Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behaviour is a procedure called:

________ is the classical-conditioning term for an initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response.

Match the definitions with the appropriate concepts. -A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism's responses.

Match the definitions with the appropriate concepts. -The process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response.

The classical-conditioning term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus is:

The difference between a reinforcer and a punisher is that:

There is a strong correlation between media violence and aggression.

Social-cognitive theorists would argue that learning is not so much a change in behaviour as it is a change in knowledge that has the potential for affecting behaviour.

Higher-order conditioning may contribute to the formation of:

Harmony notices that her cat scurries into the kitchen as soon as Harmony opens a can of cat food with an electric can opener. In this example, the ________ is the conditioned stimulus.

A common error that people make is to reward on an intermittent basis the very responses that they would like to eliminate. Create an example that illustrates this type of error and that explains the consequences that could occur.

When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box, they found that:

In the 1930s, behaviourist Edward Tolman committed virtual heresy among his colleagues by noting that:

Match the definitions with the appropriate concepts. -The process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.

Humans are biologically primed to associate sickness with tastes more readily than with sights.

Isabel's parents want to reinforce her for cleaning her room, but Isabel never cleans it. The solution to this dilemma is to:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters