Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

You take an Aspirin and your headache goes away. This makes it more likely that you will take an aspirin next time you have a headache. This is an example of:

What procedure would be used to teach pigeons to play Ping-Pong?

________ occurs when a pigeon that has been trained to peck at a picture of a circle also pecks at a picture of an oval.

Which of the following would NOT be a conditioned stimulus that would reduce a cancer patient's pain through the placebo effect?

Nursery school children were shown a film of two men, Johnny and Rocky, playing with toys. When Johnny wouldn't share, Rocky clobbered him, marching off with all the toys in a sack. One-way mirror observations showed that children who viewed this film, when compared with children who had not:

In positive punishment, the probability of a response ________ over time when a stimulus is ________.

Intermittent reinforcement schedules vary in how the reinforcers are delivered. Describe the two major types of intermittent schedules.

When Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The food acted as a/an:

After paying a $500.00 fine for parking in a space reserved for handicapped drivers, an able-bodied driver is careful not to park in such a space again. The loss of money is a:

The process of ________ increases the range of stimuli to which a CR will be made, while ________ decreases or narrows the range of stimuli to which a CR will be made.

Joan begs her father for a frosted cookie at the bakery, but he refuses. Joan continues to whine and complain until finally her father buys her the cookie. For her dad, the ending of Joan's whiny behaviour is a ________ and for Joan the cookie is a ________.

Give a possible reason that explains how extrinsic rewards tend to undermine the pleasure of doing something for its own sake.

________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Match the descriptions with the appropriate type of reinforcement. -Use of a stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through association with other reinforcers.

Learning to respond correctly when a discriminative stimulus is present is an essential part of a person's socialization.

If you want to train a hamster to pick up a marble:

Three-year-old Peter's fear of rabbits was eliminated through a process called counterconditioning.

B. F. Skinner, a kind and mild-mannered man, won the 1972 Humanist of the Year Award.

Match the definitions with the appropriate concept. -The classical-conditioning term for a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response in the absence of learning.

________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.