Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a/an:

As an advertising executive on Bay Street in Toronto, JB is quite fond of using classical conditioning techniques in order to get the public to like his client's products. JB notices an interesting study in which college students looked at slides of either beige pens or blue pens while either popular or unfamiliar music played in the background. Design an advertising campaign that JB could develop based on this study. Be specific in describing the product that JB is marketing and the steps he takes to make it a well-liked product among the Canadian public.

If a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus, then ________ will occur.

For classical conditioning to be effective in forming an association, the CS should be presented:

When a three-year-old named Peter was deathly afraid of rabbits, his fear was eliminated through:

Miguel is an animal trainer who teaches animals to act as the "eyes" of the blind. It is most likely that Miguel relies upon:

B. F. Skinner, in the late 1800s, set the stage for operant conditioning procedures when he observed cats as they tried to escape from a puzzle box to get a scrap of fish.

Extrinsic rewards are not inherently related to the activity that is being reinforced.

Many people confuse negative reinforcement with positive punishment. What is the best way to keep these terms straight?

Mr. Tenedor works on the assembly line building cars. His mouth begins to water whenever the noontime bell signals the beginning of lunch. One day the bell goes haywire and rings every 30 minutes throughout the day. By the end of the day, Mr. Tenedor realizes that he has stopped salivating to the bell, which means that ________ has occurred.

Harry and Sally want their daughter to begin using her utensils correctly at the dinner table. But they can't reinforce her appropriate behaviour because she doesn't ever use her fork and knife appropriately! What conditioning procedures would be useful in this situation? Briefly describe how Harry and Sally might behave in order to reinforce their goal in this example.

Which of the following is NOT true?

When researchers attempted to teach slugs to dislike foods by pairing the food with an unpleasant taste, they found that:

In classical conditioning procedures, it is sometimes possible for higher-order conditioning to occur. Explain this process. Describe the research on higher-order conditioning in which slugs were the research subjects.

You train your dog Milo to salivate to the sound of a bell. Then you ring the bell every five minutes and don't follow the ringing with food for Milo. He salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at all when the bell rings. But the next morning, when you ring the bell, Milo salivates! What term is used to explain the reappearance of this response?

In Chapter 1, one of the critical thinking guidelines that we learned about was "Consider Other Interpretations." Before settling on one interpretation of the evidence, critical thinkers generate as many interpretations as possible. For example, an athlete wears a new pair of socks and then surpasses her own record for the number of baskets made during a game. Her socks become "lucky" and she makes sure to wear them for each basketball game. What type of reinforcement explains the fact that she clings to her socks as a lucky charm? What other interpretations should she consider?

The first known scientific study of anger was conducted by B. F. Skinner during the late 1930s.

The proverb "He who hath been bitten by a snake fears a rope" illustrates:

Dr. Konstanza wants to train a rat to play basketball. She could wait until she was old and grey, however, before she could reinforce the rat for playing basketball! What conditioning procedure does Dr. Konstanza need to use? Outline, step by step, what she can do to meet her goal.

The first known scientific study of anger was conducted by G. Stanley Hall in the late 1800s.