Question 1

Which of the following statements is true concerning the applicability of attitudes in understanding behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  General attitudes are the best predictors of behavior 
B)  Behavior is affected equally by those attitudes formed via social learning and those formed via behavioral learning 
C)  Cognitive attitudes influence behavior better than affective-based attitudes 
D)  A single, global measure of attitude is necessary to predict behavior 
E)  All of the above are true 
A)  General attitudes are the best predictors of behavior 
B)  Behavior is affected equally by those attitudes formed via social learning and those formed via behavioral learning 
C)  Cognitive attitudes influence behavior better than affective-based attitudes 
D)  A single, global measure of attitude is necessary to predict behavior 
E)  All of the above are true C

Question 2

Which type of scale provides participants with an opportunity to express no opinion when they are unable to make a choice among the alternatives offered?

Accepted Answer

A)  Forced-choice 
B)  Multidimensional 
C)  Balanced 
D)  Unbalanced 
E)  Unforced-choice 
A)  Forced-choice 
B)  Multidimensional 
C)  Balanced 
D)  Unbalanced 
E)  Unforced-choice E

Question 3

What type of data is produced by summated rating scales?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio 
E)  Nominal and interval 
A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio 
E)  Nominal and interval C

Question 4

Participants tend to _____ when they make an error of leniency.

Accepted Answer

A)  be easy raters 
B)  give no opinion answers 
C)  choose the central or neutral point 
D)  rate objects consistently from question to question 
E)  procrastinate in making choices 
A)  be easy raters 
B)  give no opinion answers 
C)  choose the central or neutral point 
D)  rate objects consistently from question to question 
E)  procrastinate in making choices

Question 5

What type of scale is used in Jason's second question about the recommendation of iPods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dichotomous 
B)  Multiple-choice, single-response 
C)  Multiple-choice, multiple-response 
D)  Balanced 
E)  Unbalanced 
A)  Dichotomous 
B)  Multiple-choice, single-response 
C)  Multiple-choice, multiple-response 
D)  Balanced 
E)  Unbalanced

Question 6

In a _____ scale,the participant orders several objects of properties of objects.

Accepted Answer

A)  comparative 
B)  constant sum 
C)  forced ranking 
D)  paired-comparison 
E)  semantic differential 
A)  comparative 
B)  constant sum 
C)  forced ranking 
D)  paired-comparison 
E)  semantic differential

Question 7

What type of data is produced by constant-sum scales?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio 
E)  Nominal and interval 
A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio 
E)  Nominal and interval

Question 8

Which type of rater error occurs when a participant is reluctant to give extreme judgments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Error of leniency 
B)  Error of central tendency 
C)  Halo effect 
D)  Demand effect 
E)  Socially desirable responding 
A)  Error of leniency 
B)  Error of central tendency 
C)  Halo effect 
D)  Demand effect 
E)  Socially desirable responding

Question 9

A(n)_____ scale seeks to simultaneously measure more than one attribute of the participant or object.

Accepted Answer

A)  multidimensional 
B)  unidimensional 
C)  balanced 
D)  unbalanced 
E)  valid 
A)  multidimensional 
B)  unidimensional 
C)  balanced 
D)  unbalanced 
E)  valid

Question 10

What is the primary difference between rating scales and ranking scales? List two types of each scale.

Accepted Answer

Rating scales judge properties of object

Question 11

A cognitive basis for an attitude means that the attitude is based on a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling 
B)  behavior 
C)  value 
D)  culture 
E)  belief 
A)  feeling 
B)  behavior 
C)  value 
D)  culture 
E)  belief

Question 12

Which type of scale is used when participants place cards into piles using criteria established by the researcher?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ranking 
B)  Rating 
C)  Categorization 
D)  Sorting 
E)  Recording 
A)  Ranking 
B)  Rating 
C)  Categorization 
D)  Sorting 
E)  Recording

Question 13

The assignment of numbers or symbols to a property of objects according to value or magnitude is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  measurement 
B)  scaling 
C)  weighing 
D)  sampling 
E)  coding 
A)  measurement 
B)  scaling 
C)  weighing 
D)  sampling 
E)  coding

Question 14

A categorization scale is a scale that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  scores an object without making a direct comparison to another object 
B)  scores an objecting by making a comparison and determining order among two or more objects 
C)  groups participants 
D)  groups concepts according to specific criteria 
E)  establishes relationships between two variables 
A)  scores an object without making a direct comparison to another object 
B)  scores an objecting by making a comparison and determining order among two or more objects 
C)  groups participants 
D)  groups concepts according to specific criteria 
E)  establishes relationships between two variables

Question 15

The purpose of _____ is to get a conceptual representation of a respondent's attitude toward the attitude object and to compare the relationships between people.

Accepted Answer

A)  Likert scales 
B)  comparative scales 
C)  forced rating 
D)  Q-sorts 
E)  Stapel scales 
A)  Likert scales 
B)  comparative scales 
C)  forced rating 
D)  Q-sorts 
E)  Stapel scales

Question 16

Participants are grouped using _____ scales.

Accepted Answer

A)  ranking 
B)  rating 
C)  categorization 
D)  sorting 
E)  recording 
A)  ranking 
B)  rating 
C)  categorization 
D)  sorting 
E)  recording

Question 17

I turn my cellular telephone off when dining in restaurants.What is the basis of the attitude reflected in this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive 
B)  Affective 
C)  Conative 
D)  Centrality 
E)  Peripheral 
A)  Cognitive 
B)  Affective 
C)  Conative 
D)  Centrality 
E)  Peripheral

Question 18

Paired comparison scales result in _____ data.

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio 
E)  absolute 
A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio 
E)  absolute

Question 19

Participants tend to _____ when they make an error of central tendency.

Accepted Answer

A)  be easy raters 
B)  give extreme judgments 
C)  choose the central or neutral point 
D)  rate objects consistently from question to question 
E)  procrastinate in making choices 
A)  be easy raters 
B)  give extreme judgments 
C)  choose the central or neutral point 
D)  rate objects consistently from question to question 
E)  procrastinate in making choices

Question 20

Which of the following situations favors the use of unbalanced rating scales rather than balanced rating scales?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants' scores lean in one direction 
B)  Object being rating is familiar to participants 
C)  Participants are known to be easy raters 
D)  Participants are known to be hard raters 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Participants' scores lean in one direction 
B)  Object being rating is familiar to participants 
C)  Participants are known to be easy raters 
D)  Participants are known to be hard raters 
E)  All of the above

Exam 12: Measurement Scales

Which of the following statements is true concerning the applicability of attitudes in understanding behavior?

Which type of scale provides participants with an opportunity to express no opinion when they are unable to make a choice among the alternatives offered?

What type of data is produced by summated rating scales?

Participants tend to _____ when they make an error of leniency.

What type of scale is used in Jason's second question about the recommendation of iPods?

In a _____ scale,the participant orders several objects of properties of objects.

What type of data is produced by constant-sum scales?

Which type of rater error occurs when a participant is reluctant to give extreme judgments?

A(n)_____ scale seeks to simultaneously measure more than one attribute of the participant or object.

What is the primary difference between rating scales and ranking scales? List two types of each scale.

A cognitive basis for an attitude means that the attitude is based on a _____.

Which type of scale is used when participants place cards into piles using criteria established by the researcher?

The assignment of numbers or symbols to a property of objects according to value or magnitude is called _____.

A categorization scale is a scale that _____.

The purpose of _____ is to get a conceptual representation of a respondent's attitude toward the attitude object and to compare the relationships between people.

Participants are grouped using _____ scales.

I turn my cellular telephone off when dining in restaurants.What is the basis of the attitude reflected in this statement?

Paired comparison scales result in _____ data.

Participants tend to _____ when they make an error of central tendency.

Which of the following situations favors the use of unbalanced rating scales rather than balanced rating scales?

Research in Business

Ethics in Business Research

Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: an Overview

Clarifying the Research Question Through Secondary Data and Exploration

Research Design: An Overview

Qualitative Research

Observation Studies

Experiments

Surveys

Measurement

Questionnaires and Instruments

Sampling

Data Preparation and Description

Exploring, Displaying, and Examining Data

Hypothesis Testing

Measures of Association

Multivariate Analysis: An Overview

Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports

Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations

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