Question 1

Which of the following is true of the association between brand loyalty and attitude toward the brand?

Accepted Answer

A)  As brand loyalty increases, attitude toward the brand increases 
B)  There is a moderately strong relationship between the two variables 
C)  The relationship can be attributed to more than simply random fluctuations 
D)  There is a linear relationship between the two variables 
E)  All of the above 
A)  As brand loyalty increases, attitude toward the brand increases 
B)  There is a moderately strong relationship between the two variables 
C)  The relationship can be attributed to more than simply random fluctuations 
D)  There is a linear relationship between the two variables 
E)  All of the above E

Question 2

Which of the following statistics is not based on the concept of concordant and discordant pairs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kendall's tau b 
B)  Somers's d 
C)  Kendall's tau c 
D)  Gamma 
E)  Spearman's rho 
A)  Kendall's tau b 
B)  Somers's d 
C)  Kendall's tau c 
D)  Gamma 
E)  Spearman's rho E

Question 3

What is the meaning of a significant correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  It reflects the probability of the relationship occurring in the population 
B)  It reflects the magnitude of the relationship 
C)  It reflects the direction of the relationship 
D)  It reflects the importance of the finding 
E)  It refers to the meaningfulness of the result 
A)  It reflects the probability of the relationship occurring in the population 
B)  It reflects the magnitude of the relationship 
C)  It reflects the direction of the relationship 
D)  It reflects the importance of the finding 
E)  It refers to the meaningfulness of the result A

Question 4

The issue of _____ is reflected in the correlation between the number of sunny days in the year and the gains in the New York Stock Exchange.

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical significance 
B)  practical significance 
C)  covariance 
D)  error 
E)  artifact correlations 
A)  statistical significance 
B)  practical significance 
C)  covariance 
D)  error 
E)  artifact correlations

Question 5

What size of cross-classification table is best for applying phi?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 x 2 
B)  2 x 3 
C)  3 x 3 
D)  3 x 4 
E)  Any size 
A)  2 x 2 
B)  2 x 3 
C)  3 x 3 
D)  3 x 4 
E)  Any size

Question 6

The _____ is a statistic summarizing the strength of association between two metric variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  regression analysis 
B)  partial correlation coefficient 
C)  ANOVA 
D)  product moment correlation 
E)  gamma 
A)  regression analysis 
B)  partial correlation coefficient 
C)  ANOVA 
D)  product moment correlation 
E)  gamma

Question 7

Explain how a researcher should interpret a correlation coefficient.

Accepted Answer

To interpret a correlation coefficient,o

Question 8

What does the sign of the correlation coefficient signify?

Accepted Answer

A)  The magnitude of the relationship 
B)  The significance of the relationship 
C)  The importance of the relationship 
D)  The direction of the relationship 
E)  The p value associated with the relationship 
A)  The magnitude of the relationship 
B)  The significance of the relationship 
C)  The importance of the relationship 
D)  The direction of the relationship 
E)  The p value associated with the relationship

Question 9

To estimate the accuracy of predicted values,Y,found in bivariate regression,it is useful to calculate the _____,the standard deviation of the actual Y values for the predicted Y values.

Accepted Answer

A)  coefficient of determination 
B)  standard error of the estimate 
C)  covariance 
D)  standard error 
E)  sum of squares 
A)  coefficient of determination 
B)  standard error of the estimate 
C)  covariance 
D)  standard error 
E)  sum of squares

Question 10

Which ordinal measure is a statistic that compares concordant and discordant pairs and then standardizes the outcome by maximizing the value of the denominator?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the intercept,β0?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the value of the dependent variable 
B)  It is the change in Y for a 1-unit change in X 
C)  It is the estimate of X when Y=0 
D)  It is the estimate of Y when X=0 
E)  It is also called the rise over run 
A)  It is the value of the dependent variable 
B)  It is the change in Y for a 1-unit change in X 
C)  It is the estimate of X when Y=0 
D)  It is the estimate of Y when X=0 
E)  It is also called the rise over run

Question 12

A _____ occurs when subjects have the same value on the X variable,on the Y variable,or on both.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation 
B)  resistant statistic 
C)  tied pair 
D)  proportional reduction in error 
E)  positive relationship 
A)  correlation 
B)  resistant statistic 
C)  tied pair 
D)  proportional reduction in error 
E)  positive relationship

Question 13

What measure supports how well the regression equation is able to predict Y?

Accepted Answer

A)  F test 
B)  Goodness of fit 
C)  R2 
D)  Alpha 
E)  P value 
A)  F test 
B)  Goodness of fit 
C)  R2 
D)  Alpha 
E)  P value

Question 14

Which of the following is possible when r =0?

Accepted Answer

A)  No pattern is evident that can be described with a single line 
B)  Variables are related but the relationship is nonlinear 
C)  The pattern is linear such that a straight line passes through the data array 
D)  The pattern is three-dimensional 
E)  Both a and b 
A)  No pattern is evident that can be described with a single line 
B)  Variables are related but the relationship is nonlinear 
C)  The pattern is linear such that a straight line passes through the data array 
D)  The pattern is three-dimensional 
E)  Both a and b

Question 15

When the number of discordant pairs and concordant pairs in a P-Q relationship is equal,the interpretation is that the variables _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are perfectly correlated 
B)  have a weak but significant relationship 
C)  are normally distributed 
D)  have no relationship 
E)  have a negative association 
A)  are perfectly correlated 
B)  have a weak but significant relationship 
C)  are normally distributed 
D)  have no relationship 
E)  have a negative association

Question 16

Which of the following ordinal measures is a measure of association that compensates for tied ranks and adjusts for direction of the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kendall's tau b 
B)  Gamma 
C)  Phi 
D)  Lambda 
E)  Somers's d 
A)  Kendall's tau b 
B)  Gamma 
C)  Phi 
D)  Lambda 
E)  Somers's d

Question 17

The question of 'How strongly are sales related to price when the effect of brand loyalty is controlled?' is best answered using _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  regression analysis 
B)  partial correlation coefficient 
C)  ANOVA 
D)  product moment correlation 
E)  gamma 
A)  regression analysis 
B)  partial correlation coefficient 
C)  ANOVA 
D)  product moment correlation 
E)  gamma

Question 18

What type of measure is Spearman's rho?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chi-square statistic 
B)  Correlation coefficient 
C)  Measure of variance 
D)  Measure of error 
E)  Measure of skewness 
A)  Chi-square statistic 
B)  Correlation coefficient 
C)  Measure of variance 
D)  Measure of error 
E)  Measure of skewness

Question 19

Proportional reduction in error statistics are used with _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  interval data 
B)  ratio data 
C)  regression analysis 
D)  contingency tables 
E)  all of the above 
A)  interval data 
B)  ratio data 
C)  regression analysis 
D)  contingency tables 
E)  all of the above

Question 20

When a subject that ranks higher on one variable also ranks higher on the other variable,the pairs of observations are said to be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlated 
B)  causal 
C)  concordant 
D)  discordant 
E)  ordinal 
A)  correlated 
B)  causal 
C)  concordant 
D)  discordant 
E)  ordinal

Exam 18: Measures of Association

Which of the following is true of the association between brand loyalty and attitude toward the brand?

Which of the following statistics is not based on the concept of concordant and discordant pairs?

What is the meaning of a significant correlation coefficient?

The issue of _____ is reflected in the correlation between the number of sunny days in the year and the gains in the New York Stock Exchange.

What size of cross-classification table is best for applying phi?

The _____ is a statistic summarizing the strength of association between two metric variables.

Explain how a researcher should interpret a correlation coefficient.

What does the sign of the correlation coefficient signify?

To estimate the accuracy of predicted values,Y,found in bivariate regression,it is useful to calculate the _____,the standard deviation of the actual Y values for the predicted Y values.

Which ordinal measure is a statistic that compares concordant and discordant pairs and then standardizes the outcome by maximizing the value of the denominator?

Which of the following is true of the intercept,β0?

A _____ occurs when subjects have the same value on the X variable,on the Y variable,or on both.

What measure supports how well the regression equation is able to predict Y?

Which of the following is possible when r =0?

When the number of discordant pairs and concordant pairs in a P-Q relationship is equal,the interpretation is that the variables _____.

Which of the following ordinal measures is a measure of association that compensates for tied ranks and adjusts for direction of the independent variable?

The question of 'How strongly are sales related to price when the effect of brand loyalty is controlled?' is best answered using _____.

What type of measure is Spearman's rho?

Proportional reduction in error statistics are used with _____.

When a subject that ranks higher on one variable also ranks higher on the other variable,the pairs of observations are said to be _____.

Research in Business

Ethics in Business Research

Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: an Overview

Clarifying the Research Question Through Secondary Data and Exploration

Research Design: An Overview

Qualitative Research

Observation Studies

Experiments

Surveys

Measurement

Measurement Scales

Questionnaires and Instruments

Sampling

Data Preparation and Description

Exploring, Displaying, and Examining Data

Hypothesis Testing

Multivariate Analysis: An Overview

Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports

Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations

Filters

Which of the following is true of the intercept,β₀?