Question 1

The question,"Can we generalize the results of this experiment to the population at large?" is addressed by the degree of _____ associated with the experiment in question.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity 
B)  external validity 
C)  reliability 
D)  statistical significance 
E)  substantive significance 
A)  internal validity 
B)  external validity 
C)  reliability 
D)  statistical significance 
E)  substantive significance B

Question 2

Which type of study is being conducted by the district attorney's office?

Accepted Answer

A)  Survey 
B)  Experiment 
C)  Ex post facto 
D)  Interview 
E)  Observation 
A)  Survey 
B)  Experiment 
C)  Ex post facto 
D)  Interview 
E)  Observation C

Question 3

What characteristic distinguishes the pretest-posttest control group design from the nonequivalent control group design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Membership in the experimental and control groups is naturally assembled in the pretest-posttest control group design 
B)  Random assignment is not possible in the nonequivalent control group 
C)  No pretest is used in the nonequivalent control group design 
D)  One cannot determine which group was exposed to the treatment in the nonequivalent control group design 
E)  No posttest is used in the nonequivalent control group design 
A)  Membership in the experimental and control groups is naturally assembled in the pretest-posttest control group design 
B)  Random assignment is not possible in the nonequivalent control group 
C)  No pretest is used in the nonequivalent control group design 
D)  One cannot determine which group was exposed to the treatment in the nonequivalent control group design 
E)  No posttest is used in the nonequivalent control group design B

Question 4

True experimental designs differ from pre-experimental designs in that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  true experimental designs use random assignment 
B)  pre-experimental designs include the use of a control group 
C)  pre-experimental designs include the use of pre-tests 
D)  true experimental designs include multiple treatment groups 
E)  pre-experimental designs have fewer threats to internal validity 
A)  true experimental designs use random assignment 
B)  pre-experimental designs include the use of a control group 
C)  pre-experimental designs include the use of pre-tests 
D)  true experimental designs include multiple treatment groups 
E)  pre-experimental designs have fewer threats to internal validity

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a one-group pre-test post-test experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Store traffic is measured following the announcement of a clearance sale 
B)  Store traffic is measured; a sale is announced; store traffic is measured again 
C)  People who saw an ad are compared to people who didn't see the ad on their attitude toward the brand 
D)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into the control and experimental groups; a control group responds to a pre-test on brand preferences and a post-test; an experimental group responds to a pre-test, is exposed to a commercial for the brand, and responds to a post-test 
E)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into control and experimental groups; the experimental group is exposed to a commercial and then attitude toward the brand is measured; attitude toward the brand is also measured for the control group 
A)  Store traffic is measured following the announcement of a clearance sale 
B)  Store traffic is measured; a sale is announced; store traffic is measured again 
C)  People who saw an ad are compared to people who didn't see the ad on their attitude toward the brand 
D)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into the control and experimental groups; a control group responds to a pre-test on brand preferences and a post-test; an experimental group responds to a pre-test, is exposed to a commercial for the brand, and responds to a post-test 
E)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into control and experimental groups; the experimental group is exposed to a commercial and then attitude toward the brand is measured; attitude toward the brand is also measured for the control group

Question 6

Which variable in an experiment is manipulated by the researcher?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dependent variable 
B)  Extraneous variable 
C)  Moderating variable 
D)  Independent variable 
E)  Mediating variable 
A)  Dependent variable 
B)  Extraneous variable 
C)  Moderating variable 
D)  Independent variable 
E)  Mediating variable

Question 7

What is the first step in conducting an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Specify the level(s) of the treatment 
B)  Choose the experimental design 
C)  Control the experimental environment 
D)  Select and assign participants 
E)  Select relevant variables 
A)  Specify the level(s) of the treatment 
B)  Choose the experimental design 
C)  Control the experimental environment 
D)  Select and assign participants 
E)  Select relevant variables

Question 8

In the bystanders and thieves study,what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  The store environment 
B)  Exposure to a robbery 
C)  State of being alone or with another person 
D)  Act of reporting the robbery or not 
E)  Reaction of the accosted shopper following the robbery 
A)  The store environment 
B)  Exposure to a robbery 
C)  State of being alone or with another person 
D)  Act of reporting the robbery or not 
E)  Reaction of the accosted shopper following the robbery

Question 9

Which threat to internal validity is largely overcome by using random assignment of participants to experimental and control groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  History 
B)  Maturation 
C)  Selection 
D)  Instrumentation 
E)  Mortality 
A)  History 
B)  Maturation 
C)  Selection 
D)  Instrumentation 
E)  Mortality

Question 10

To assess the equivalence of the groups in a pretest,posttest control group design,_____ is calculated.

Accepted Answer

A)  (O2-O1) - (O4-O3) 
B)  O1-O3 
C)  O4-O3 
D)  O2-O3 
E)  O4-O2 
A)  (O2-O1) - (O4-O3) 
B)  O1-O3 
C)  O4-O3 
D)  O2-O3 
E)  O4-O2

Question 11

The use of a control group in experimentation _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  provides for the manipulation of the IV 
B)  serves as a comparison to assess the manipulation 
C)  minimizes the cost of experimentation 
D)  allows for discovery of the average effect of the IV in different situations 
E)  increases generalizability of results 
A)  provides for the manipulation of the IV 
B)  serves as a comparison to assess the manipulation 
C)  minimizes the cost of experimentation 
D)  allows for discovery of the average effect of the IV in different situations 
E)  increases generalizability of results

Question 12

The use of a replication in experimentation _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  provides for the manipulation of the IV 
B)  serves as a comparison to assess the manipulation 
C)  minimizes the cost of experimentation 
D)  allows for discovery of the average effect of the IV in different situations 
E)  increases generalizability of results 
A)  provides for the manipulation of the IV 
B)  serves as a comparison to assess the manipulation 
C)  minimizes the cost of experimentation 
D)  allows for discovery of the average effect of the IV in different situations 
E)  increases generalizability of results

Question 13

When an experiment is conducted in actual environmental conditions,it is called a(n)_____ experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  replication 
B)  simulated 
C)  field 
D)  extraneous 
E)  test market 
A)  replication 
B)  simulated 
C)  field 
D)  extraneous 
E)  test market

Question 14

A _____ is a controlled experiment conducted in a carefully chosen marketplace to measure and predict sales or profitability of a product.

Accepted Answer

A)  pretest-posttest control group 
B)  test market 
C)  simulation 
D)  replication 
E)  research and development test 
A)  pretest-posttest control group 
B)  test market 
C)  simulation 
D)  replication 
E)  research and development test

Question 15

Which research design listed below is most appropriate for establishing causality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Focus group 
B)  Individual depth interview 
C)  Experiment 
D)  Survey 
E)  Behavioral observation 
A)  Focus group 
B)  Individual depth interview 
C)  Experiment 
D)  Survey 
E)  Behavioral observation

Question 16

Which term below refers to a study involving the manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ex post facto 
B)  Experiment 
C)  Monitoring study 
D)  Communication study 
E)  Descriptive study 
A)  Ex post facto 
B)  Experiment 
C)  Monitoring study 
D)  Communication study 
E)  Descriptive study

Question 17

Burger King is examining the sales potential for a new burger,the Western Angus Ranch burger,by offering the product for sale at 10 randomly selected Burger King locations.Burger King is using a(n)_____ to test the potential for this product.

Accepted Answer

A)  static group comparison 
B)  standard test market 
C)  electronic test market 
D)  controlled test market 
E)  simulated test market 
A)  static group comparison 
B)  standard test market 
C)  electronic test market 
D)  controlled test market 
E)  simulated test market

Question 18

What are the three types of evidence necessary to form a conclusion regarding the results of the bystanders and thieves study? Explain how each form of evidence would be used to draw a conclusion for the example provided.

Accepted Answer

First,there must be an agreement between

Question 19

Which source of evidence to support experimental results is most threatened by the use of a field experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agreement between the IV and DV 
B)  Time order of the occurrence of the variables 
C)  Control of contamination from extraneous variables 
D)  Use of a control group 
E)  Manipulation of the IV 
A)  Agreement between the IV and DV 
B)  Time order of the occurrence of the variables 
C)  Control of contamination from extraneous variables 
D)  Use of a control group 
E)  Manipulation of the IV

Question 20

List five possible threats to internal validity.How do these threats weaken a design?

Accepted Answer

There are several threats to internal va

Exam 9: Experiments

The question,"Can we generalize the results of this experiment to the population at large?" is addressed by the degree of _____ associated with the experiment in question.

Which type of study is being conducted by the district attorney's office?

What characteristic distinguishes the pretest-posttest control group design from the nonequivalent control group design?

True experimental designs differ from pre-experimental designs in that _____.

Which of the following is an example of a one-group pre-test post-test experimental design?

Which variable in an experiment is manipulated by the researcher?

What is the first step in conducting an experiment?

In the bystanders and thieves study,what is the independent variable?

Which threat to internal validity is largely overcome by using random assignment of participants to experimental and control groups?

To assess the equivalence of the groups in a pretest,posttest control group design,_____ is calculated.

The use of a control group in experimentation _____.

The use of a replication in experimentation _____.

When an experiment is conducted in actual environmental conditions,it is called a(n)_____ experiment.

A _____ is a controlled experiment conducted in a carefully chosen marketplace to measure and predict sales or profitability of a product.

Which research design listed below is most appropriate for establishing causality?

Which term below refers to a study involving the manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable?

Burger King is examining the sales potential for a new burger,the Western Angus Ranch burger,by offering the product for sale at 10 randomly selected Burger King locations.Burger King is using a(n)_____ to test the potential for this product.

What are the three types of evidence necessary to form a conclusion regarding the results of the bystanders and thieves study? Explain how each form of evidence would be used to draw a conclusion for the example provided.

Which source of evidence to support experimental results is most threatened by the use of a field experiment?

List five possible threats to internal validity.How do these threats weaken a design?

Research in Business

Ethics in Business Research

Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: an Overview

Clarifying the Research Question Through Secondary Data and Exploration

Research Design: An Overview

Qualitative Research

Observation Studies

Surveys

Measurement

Measurement Scales

Questionnaires and Instruments

Sampling

Data Preparation and Description

Exploring, Displaying, and Examining Data

Hypothesis Testing

Measures of Association

Multivariate Analysis: An Overview

Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports

Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations

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