Question 1

What are receptor tyrosine kinases? Provide an example.

Accepted Answer

These are proteins that bind ligands,such as EGF or insulin,on the extracellular domain.They also contain tyrosine kinase domains on the intracellular side.

Question 2

What is covalently attached to the $\alpha$ and $\gamma$ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins in order to anchor the protein to the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose 
B)  N-acetylgalactosamine 
C)  cholesterol 
D)  phosphatidyl serine 
E)  fatty acid 
A)  galactose 
B)  N-acetylgalactosamine 
C)  cholesterol 
D)  phosphatidyl serine 
E)  fatty acid E

Question 3

_______________________ binds to the extracellular side of β-adrenergic receptors.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 4

What is a gene that contributes to cancer development only when deleted or damaged?

Accepted Answer

A)  oncogene 
B)  proto-oncogene 
C)  viral oncogene 
D)  carcinoma-suppressor gene 
E)  tumor-suppressor gene 
A)  oncogene 
B)  proto-oncogene 
C)  viral oncogene 
D)  carcinoma-suppressor gene 
E)  tumor-suppressor gene

Question 5

______________ may be effective anti-cancer drugs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Monoclonal antibodies against offending receptors 
B)  EGF mimics 
C)  Protein kinase inhibitors 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  Both monoclonal antibodies against offending receptors and protein kinase inhibitors 
A)  Monoclonal antibodies against offending receptors 
B)  EGF mimics 
C)  Protein kinase inhibitors 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  Both monoclonal antibodies against offending receptors and protein kinase inhibitors

Question 6

How does the binding of epinephrine to its receptor set a response in action?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes an exchange of GTP for G protein bound GDP. 
B)  It causes a pore to open, allowing proton/ion exchange. 
C)  It causes the release of insulin. 
D)  It causes G proteins to produce cGMP. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  It causes an exchange of GTP for G protein bound GDP. 
B)  It causes a pore to open, allowing proton/ion exchange. 
C)  It causes the release of insulin. 
D)  It causes G proteins to produce cGMP. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

How many 7TM membranes exist? What are some of their functions?

Accepted Answer

There are estimated to be thousands of 7

Question 8

What is the difference between an oncogene and a proto-oncogene?

Accepted Answer

An oncogene,such as v-src,leads to the g

Question 9

____________ is the membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ is the membrane protein that catalyzes...

Question 10

Important second messengers include cAMP,cGMP,calcium ion,_______________________,and diacylglycerol.

Accepted Answer

inositol 1

Question 11

Most signal molecules

Accepted Answer

A)  easily diffuse through the membrane and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm. 
B)  bind to membrane receptors and transmit information across a membrane without traversing the membrane. 
C)  carry out functions in the nucleus after binding to a receptor in the cell membrane. 
D)  easily diffuse through the membrane and bind to a receptor in the nucleus. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  easily diffuse through the membrane and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm. 
B)  bind to membrane receptors and transmit information across a membrane without traversing the membrane. 
C)  carry out functions in the nucleus after binding to a receptor in the cell membrane. 
D)  easily diffuse through the membrane and bind to a receptor in the nucleus. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 12

What happens when signaling paths are not terminated properly?

Accepted Answer

The cell will not be able to r

Question 13

Protein kinase A phosphorylates serine and ___________ residues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Protein kinase A phosphorylates serine and ___________...

Question 14

Examples of second messengers include

Accepted Answer

A)  cAMP. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. 
D)  cGMP. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  cAMP. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. 
D)  cGMP. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Draw the reaction catalyzed by tyrosine kinase (no mechanism necessary).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw the reaction catalyzed by tyrosine kinase...

Question 16

What is a gene that leads to the transformation of susceptible cell types into cell types with cancer-like characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  protogene 
B)  retrogene 
C)  epigene 
D)  oncogene 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  protogene 
B)  retrogene 
C)  epigene 
D)  oncogene 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 17

How is calmodulin activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  by binding both calcium and potassium 
B)  by binding Ca2+ when the cytosolic concentration is greater than 500 nM 
C)  by binding to a positively charged helix on another protein 
D)  by binding Ca2+ only when calcium channels are open, allowing Ca2+ efflux from the cell 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  by binding both calcium and potassium 
B)  by binding Ca2+ when the cytosolic concentration is greater than 500 nM 
C)  by binding to a positively charged helix on another protein 
D)  by binding Ca2+ only when calcium channels are open, allowing Ca2+ efflux from the cell 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

The cytosolic side,or β subunit,of the insulin receptor is a ________________ kinase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cytosolic side,or β subunit,of the insulin...

Question 19

Which of the following is another name for a seven-transmembrane helix receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  tyrosine kinase receptor 
B)  ion channel receptor 
C)  enzyme-linked receptor 
D)  β-adrenergic receptor 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  tyrosine kinase receptor 
B)  ion channel receptor 
C)  enzyme-linked receptor 
D)  β-adrenergic receptor 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

Input from several signaling pathways is called _____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Input from several signaling pathways is called...

Exam 14: Signal-Transduction Pathways

What are receptor tyrosine kinases? Provide an example.

What is covalently attached to the α\alphaα and γ\gammaγ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins in order to anchor the protein to the cell membrane?

_______________________ binds to the extracellular side of β-adrenergic receptors.

What is a gene that contributes to cancer development only when deleted or damaged?

______________ may be effective anti-cancer drugs.

How does the binding of epinephrine to its receptor set a response in action?

How many 7TM membranes exist? What are some of their functions?

What is the difference between an oncogene and a proto-oncogene?

____________ is the membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP.

Important second messengers include cAMP,cGMP,calcium ion,_______________________,and diacylglycerol.

Most signal molecules

What happens when signaling paths are not terminated properly?

Protein kinase A phosphorylates serine and ___________ residues.

Examples of second messengers include

Draw the reaction catalyzed by tyrosine kinase (no mechanism necessary).

What is a gene that leads to the transformation of susceptible cell types into cell types with cancer-like characteristics?

How is calmodulin activated?

The cytosolic side,or β subunit,of the insulin receptor is a ________________ kinase.

Which of the following is another name for a seven-transmembrane helix receptor?

Input from several signaling pathways is called _____________________.

Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters

What is covalently attached to the $\alpha$ and $\gamma$ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins in order to anchor the protein to the cell membrane?