Question 1

How is sound converted to a biochemical signal?

Accepted Answer

As sound passes across the hair bundles in the stereocilia,a slight deflection occurs,which tips the bundle.This tip,depending on its direction,causes ion channels to open or close,altering the potential of the membrane.

Question 2

Rhodopsin,the photoreceptor molecule in rods,consists of the protein ______________ linked to 11-cis retinal.

Accepted Answer

opsin

Question 3

What ion stimulates guanylate cyclase?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)  potassium 
C)  calcium 
D)  magnesium 
E)  hydrogen 
A)  sodium 
B)  potassium 
C)  calcium 
D)  magnesium 
E)  hydrogen C

Question 4

What is the immediate effect of a photon on the structure of 11-cis retinal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The molecule is polarized. 
B)  The molecule is released from the protein rhodopsin. 
C)  The molecule is converted to the all-trans-retinal. 
D)  The molecule is converted from an aldehyde to an alcohol (retinol). 
E)  The structure is not changed but accepts electrons. 
A)  The molecule is polarized. 
B)  The molecule is released from the protein rhodopsin. 
C)  The molecule is converted to the all-trans-retinal. 
D)  The molecule is converted from an aldehyde to an alcohol (retinol). 
E)  The structure is not changed but accepts electrons.

Question 5

Specific odors are detected and transmitted to the olfactory bulb by ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Specific odors are detected and transmitted to...

Question 6

Many of the receptors involved in transmission of stimuli contain multiple transmembrane domains.Why?

Accepted Answer

Several parts of the protein,t

Question 7

Detection of touch includes several stimuli,and two of the key components include

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure and sharpness. 
B)  temperature and sound. 
C)  pressure and duration. 
D)  temperature and taste. 
E)  pressure and temperature. 
A)  pressure and sharpness. 
B)  temperature and sound. 
C)  pressure and duration. 
D)  temperature and taste. 
E)  pressure and temperature.

Question 8

Which of the following animals has the most highly developed color perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  dog 
B)  human 
C)  iguana 
D)  honeybee 
E)  chicken 
A)  dog 
B)  human 
C)  iguana 
D)  honeybee 
E)  chicken

Question 9

What clues about signaling can be gained by studying the structural motifs of proteins,such as the ankyrin repeats found in NompC?

Accepted Answer

Ankyrin repeats are often found in prote

Question 10

How are the molecular mechanisms for salty taste sensations and nonpainful touch sensations similar?

Accepted Answer

Both are a combination of sens

Question 11

What condition is characterized by the inability to smell certain compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  dysosmia 
B)  specific anosmia 
C)  ageusia 
D)  parosmia 
E)  Kallmann syndrome 
A)  dysosmia 
B)  specific anosmia 
C)  ageusia 
D)  parosmia 
E)  Kallmann syndrome

Question 12

Mutant mice lacking the VR1 receptor are less responsive to the taste of capsaicin and can endure noxious levels of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mutant mice lacking the VR1 receptor are...

Question 13

Most odorants are

Accepted Answer

A)  mixtures of ions. 
B)  small, volatile, organic molecules. 
C)  complex salts. 
D)  small globular proteins. 
E)  large organic molecules. 
A)  mixtures of ions. 
B)  small, volatile, organic molecules. 
C)  complex salts. 
D)  small globular proteins. 
E)  large organic molecules.

Question 14

What type of stimulus is necessary for hearing and touch?

Accepted Answer

A)  visual 
B)  mechanical 
C)  auditory 
D)  olfactory 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  visual 
B)  mechanical 
C)  auditory 
D)  olfactory 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

How were most OR proteins and ligands identified?

Accepted Answer

A combination of techniques wa

Question 16

Which G-protein subunit is expressed in taste buds?

Accepted Answer

A)  transducin 
B)  Rho 
C)  $\alpha$olf 
D)  gustducin 
E)  GNAL 
A)  transducin 
B)  Rho 
C)  $\alpha$olf 
D)  gustducin 
E)  GNAL

Question 17

The daily rhythms of activity and restfulness are known as _____ rhythms.

Accepted Answer

A)  biennial 
B)  diurnal 
C)  circadian 
D)  arcadian 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  biennial 
B)  diurnal 
C)  circadian 
D)  arcadian 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

What biochemical conditions indicated the role of G proteins in olfactory systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rat cilia were found to be ATP deficient. 
B)  The levels of ATP and cAMP were critical. 
C)  The receptors required GDP for activity were present. 
D)  cAMP and GTP participated in the process. 
E)  The receptors were localized in membranes. 
A)  Rat cilia were found to be ATP deficient. 
B)  The levels of ATP and cAMP were critical. 
C)  The receptors required GDP for activity were present. 
D)  cAMP and GTP participated in the process. 
E)  The receptors were localized in membranes.

Question 19

Salty tastes are detected through _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Salty tastes are detected through _________________....

Question 20

What is the end point for the taste transduction pathways regardless of the diverse nature of the detection process?

Accepted Answer

Bitter,sweet,and umami tastants are dete

Exam 33: Sensory Systems

How is sound converted to a biochemical signal?

Rhodopsin,the photoreceptor molecule in rods,consists of the protein ______________ linked to 11-cis retinal.

What ion stimulates guanylate cyclase?

What is the immediate effect of a photon on the structure of 11-cis retinal?

Specific odors are detected and transmitted to the olfactory bulb by ____________________.

Many of the receptors involved in transmission of stimuli contain multiple transmembrane domains.Why?

Detection of touch includes several stimuli,and two of the key components include

Which of the following animals has the most highly developed color perception?

What clues about signaling can be gained by studying the structural motifs of proteins,such as the ankyrin repeats found in NompC?

How are the molecular mechanisms for salty taste sensations and nonpainful touch sensations similar?

What condition is characterized by the inability to smell certain compounds?

Mutant mice lacking the VR1 receptor are less responsive to the taste of capsaicin and can endure noxious levels of _______________.

Most odorants are

What type of stimulus is necessary for hearing and touch?

How were most OR proteins and ligands identified?

Which G-protein subunit is expressed in taste buds?

The daily rhythms of activity and restfulness are known as _____ rhythms.

What biochemical conditions indicated the role of G proteins in olfactory systems?

Salty tastes are detected through _________________.

What is the end point for the taste transduction pathways regardless of the diverse nature of the detection process?

Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

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