Question 1

Comparison of three-dimensional structures indicated that heat shock protein 70 is a paralog of ____________,despite only 16% sequence identity.

Accepted Answer

actin

Question 2

Analysis of substitution matrices indicates that cysteine (C)and __________________ residues tend to be conserved more than other amino acid residues.

Accepted Answer

tryptophan (W)

Question 3

Define the terms homologs,paralogs,and orthologs.

Accepted Answer

Any two proteins which are evolutionarily related are homologs.Paralogs are homologs which exist in the same species but have different functions.Orthologs are homologs from distinct species that perform similar or identical functions.

Question 4

What is used during sequence alignments to better align two sequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  insertion of Gly residues 
B)  removal of $\alpha$-helical regions 
C)  insertion of gaps 
D)  removal of methionine and tryptophan due to their low prevalence in proteins 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  insertion of Gly residues 
B)  removal of $\alpha$-helical regions 
C)  insertion of gaps 
D)  removal of methionine and tryptophan due to their low prevalence in proteins 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 5

Why is it more effective to compare protein sequences,rather than DNA sequences,in evolutionary studies?

Accepted Answer

More effective statistical com

Question 6

What is the difference between a simple scoring system for alignment and theBlosum-62 matrix?

Accepted Answer

A simple scoring system looks only at al

Question 7

___________________ can be detected in proteins by attempting to align a given sequence with itself,internally.

Accepted Answer

Repeated m

Question 8

In addition to examining the base sequence,what other features of RNA are useful in determining evolutionary patterns?

Accepted Answer

Changes to bases that retain the ability

Question 9

Which of the following sequences would retain the base-pairing necessary to form a hairpin loop? The original sequence is UUGCUCAGUAAGAGCAA.

Accepted Answer

A)  UAGCUCAGUAAGAGCUA 
B)  UACCUCAGAGAGCUA 
C)  UUGUUUCAGAGAGCAA 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  UAGCUCAGUAAGAGCUA 
B)  UACCUCAGAGAGCUA 
C)  UUGUUUCAGAGAGCAA 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 10

Homologs that exist in the same species are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  holologs 
B)  multilogs 
C)  autologs 
D)  paralogs 
E)  orthologs 
A)  holologs 
B)  multilogs 
C)  autologs 
D)  paralogs 
E)  orthologs

Question 11

Which of the following is a database search procedure that is used to find homologous sequences in proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  DisEMBL 
B)  Heliquest 
C)  BLAST 
D)  APSSP 
E)  REPRO 
A)  DisEMBL 
B)  Heliquest 
C)  BLAST 
D)  APSSP 
E)  REPRO

Question 12

Homologs from different organisms that perform similar functions are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  paralogs 
B)  orthologs 
C)  autologs 
D)  holologs 
E)  multilogs 
A)  paralogs 
B)  orthologs 
C)  autologs 
D)  holologs 
E)  multilogs

Question 13

Homologs are two molecules

Accepted Answer

A)  related by sequence similarity. 
B)  derived from a common ancestral protein. 
C)  with similar domains. 
D)  with similar function. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  related by sequence similarity. 
B)  derived from a common ancestral protein. 
C)  with similar domains. 
D)  with similar function. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 14

What technique produces large populations of molecules and selects for a biochemical property?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide mass fingerprinting 
B)  two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 
C)  template-directed peptide synthesis 
D)  combinatorial chemistry 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  peptide mass fingerprinting 
B)  two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 
C)  template-directed peptide synthesis 
D)  combinatorial chemistry 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

Based on their three-dimensional structures,actin and Hsp-70 are BEST described as

Accepted Answer

A)  homologs. 
B)  orthologs. 
C)  paralogs. 
D)  holologs 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  homologs. 
B)  orthologs. 
C)  paralogs. 
D)  holologs 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

An amino acid substitution to another of similar size and charge is called a _____ substitution.

Accepted Answer

A)  replicative 
B)  conservative 
C)  convergent 
D)  homologous 
E)  orthologous 
A)  replicative 
B)  conservative 
C)  convergent 
D)  homologous 
E)  orthologous

Question 17

What is the process by which different evolutionary paths end up at a similar structure or mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent evolution 
B)  convergent evolution 
C)  confluent evolution 
D)  analogous evolution 
E)  homologous evolution 
A)  divergent evolution 
B)  convergent evolution 
C)  confluent evolution 
D)  analogous evolution 
E)  homologous evolution

Question 18

Briefly describe the ATP-RNA binding experiment showing that a structure had evolved that was capable of specific binding to ATP.

Accepted Answer

RNA sequences,synthesized by combinatori

Question 19

__________________ are homologous molecules that are found in a given species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________ are homologous molecules that are found...

Question 20

Why are protein comparisons of three-dimensional shape more revealing than primary sequences?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid sequence can provide clue

Exam 6: Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Comparison of three-dimensional structures indicated that heat shock protein 70 is a paralog of ____________,despite only 16% sequence identity.

Analysis of substitution matrices indicates that cysteine (C)and __________________ residues tend to be conserved more than other amino acid residues.

Define the terms homologs,paralogs,and orthologs.

What is used during sequence alignments to better align two sequences?

Why is it more effective to compare protein sequences,rather than DNA sequences,in evolutionary studies?

What is the difference between a simple scoring system for alignment and theBlosum-62 matrix?

___________________ can be detected in proteins by attempting to align a given sequence with itself,internally.

In addition to examining the base sequence,what other features of RNA are useful in determining evolutionary patterns?

Which of the following sequences would retain the base-pairing necessary to form a hairpin loop? The original sequence is UUGCUCAGUAAGAGCAA.

Homologs that exist in the same species are called _____.

Which of the following is a database search procedure that is used to find homologous sequences in proteins?

Homologs from different organisms that perform similar functions are called _____.

Homologs are two molecules

What technique produces large populations of molecules and selects for a biochemical property?

Based on their three-dimensional structures,actin and Hsp-70 are BEST described as

An amino acid substitution to another of similar size and charge is called a _____ substitution.

What is the process by which different evolutionary paths end up at a similar structure or mechanism?

Briefly describe the ATP-RNA binding experiment showing that a structure had evolved that was capable of specific binding to ATP.

__________________ are homologous molecules that are found in a given species.

Why are protein comparisons of three-dimensional shape more revealing than primary sequences?

Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters