Question 1

An immunogen is

Accepted Answer

A)  a special type of antibody. 
B)  a surface receptor for antibodies. 
C)  a foreign molecule that can stimulate an immune response. 
D)  a precursor antibody that is only active when associated with the plasma membrane. 
E)  a platelet-associated immunoglobulin. 
A)  a special type of antibody. 
B)  a surface receptor for antibodies. 
C)  a foreign molecule that can stimulate an immune response. 
D)  a precursor antibody that is only active when associated with the plasma membrane. 
E)  a platelet-associated immunoglobulin. C

Question 2

To what family does interleukin-2 belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemokines 
B)  cytokine 
C)  interferons 
D)  tumor necrosis factors 
E)  lymphokines 
A)  chemokines 
B)  cytokine 
C)  interferons 
D)  tumor necrosis factors 
E)  lymphokines B

Question 3

Explain why the amino terminal immunoglobulin domains of the L and H chains have hypervariable sequences.

Accepted Answer

Each domain contains three loops that,when the L and H chains come together,form a surface displaying six loops at the end of each arm.These ends are the antigen binding sites.A very large number of different binding sites can be constructed by combinatorial association.

Question 4

When the heavy chain is switched to make secreted antibodies,how is the specificity of antigen binding maintained?

Accepted Answer

The VDJ re

Question 5

What membrane glycoprotein is found in GI cells of developing fetuses?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosomal membrane glycoprotein 
B)  major histocompatibility complex 
C)  synaptophysin 
D)  platelet-membrane glycoprotein 
E)  carcinoembryonic antigen 
A)  lysosomal membrane glycoprotein 
B)  major histocompatibility complex 
C)  synaptophysin 
D)  platelet-membrane glycoprotein 
E)  carcinoembryonic antigen

Question 6

The approximate number of antibodies that humans can generate is

Accepted Answer

A)  108. 
B)  1012. 
C)  1016. 
D)  1020. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  108. 
B)  1012. 
C)  1016. 
D)  1020. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

The differentiation of a cell to make a different type of immunoglobulin is called

Accepted Answer

A)  bait and switch. 
B)  rearrangement. 
C)  class switching. 
D)  recombination. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  bait and switch. 
B)  rearrangement. 
C)  class switching. 
D)  recombination. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 8

How much antibody diversity is obtained by somatic mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  10-fold increase 
B)  1000-fold increase 
C)  106-fold increase 
D)  109-fold increase 
E)  There is no increase. 
A)  10-fold increase 
B)  1000-fold increase 
C)  106-fold increase 
D)  109-fold increase 
E)  There is no increase.

Question 9

What is the major class of antibodies found in saliva and tears?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM 
A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM

Question 10

Proteins necessary for binding and displaying portions of foreign proteins are encoded by the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

major hist

Question 11

What term describes the increase in antibody diversity due to somatic mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  immunity mutation 
B)  affinity maturation 
C)  variable domain maturation 
D)  epitope mutation 
E)  affinity recombination 
A)  immunity mutation 
B)  affinity maturation 
C)  variable domain maturation 
D)  epitope mutation 
E)  affinity recombination

Question 12

Does induced fit play a role in antigen:antibody binding?

Accepted Answer

Yes.The flexibility of the bin

Question 13

The immunoglobulin with the highest serum concentration is _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The immunoglobulin with the highest serum concentration...

Question 14

What is the generic term used to denote what an antibody binds?

Accepted Answer

A)  epitope 
B)  cytokine 
C)  affinity determinant 
D)  antigen 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  epitope 
B)  cytokine 
C)  affinity determinant 
D)  antigen 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

What are the steps in cytotoxic T-cell activation?

Accepted Answer

T-cell receptors bind the MHC peptide co

Question 16

What are Toll-like receptors and what pathogens do they recognize?

Accepted Answer

Toll-like receptors (TLRs)are receptors

Question 17

Peptides presented by MHC proteins bind primarily to

Accepted Answer

A)  a groove formed by ? helices found in the ?1 and ?2 domains. 
B)  the flat surface of the ?2-microglobulin proteins. 
C)  the flat surface of the ?3 domain. 
D)  the $\beta$-bend between the ?2 and ?3 domains. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  a groove formed by ? helices found in the ?1 and ?2 domains. 
B)  the flat surface of the ?2-microglobulin proteins. 
C)  the flat surface of the ?3 domain. 
D)  the $\beta$-bend between the ?2 and ?3 domains. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

Which of the following are soluble proteins that serve to signal an invasion and bind to the foreign molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemokines 
B)  antigens 
C)  platelets 
D)  interferons 
E)  antibodies 
A)  chemokines 
B)  antigens 
C)  platelets 
D)  interferons 
E)  antibodies

Question 19

A(n)__________________ disease is one wherein the body attacks itself and produces self-antigens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)__________________ disease is one wherein the body...

Question 20

Immunoglobulin folds are a structural motif,and the amino acid sequence for this fold is commonly found in

Accepted Answer

A)  multicelled animals. 
B)  yeast. 
C)  plants. 
D)  bacteria. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  multicelled animals. 
B)  yeast. 
C)  plants. 
D)  bacteria. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Exam 34: The Immune System

An immunogen is

To what family does interleukin-2 belong?

Explain why the amino terminal immunoglobulin domains of the L and H chains have hypervariable sequences.

When the heavy chain is switched to make secreted antibodies,how is the specificity of antigen binding maintained?

What membrane glycoprotein is found in GI cells of developing fetuses?

The approximate number of antibodies that humans can generate is

The differentiation of a cell to make a different type of immunoglobulin is called

How much antibody diversity is obtained by somatic mutations?

What is the major class of antibodies found in saliva and tears?

Proteins necessary for binding and displaying portions of foreign proteins are encoded by the ____________________.

What term describes the increase in antibody diversity due to somatic mutation?

Does induced fit play a role in antigen:antibody binding?

The immunoglobulin with the highest serum concentration is _______________.

What is the generic term used to denote what an antibody binds?

What are the steps in cytotoxic T-cell activation?

What are Toll-like receptors and what pathogens do they recognize?

Peptides presented by MHC proteins bind primarily to

Which of the following are soluble proteins that serve to signal an invasion and bind to the foreign molecules?

A(n)__________________ disease is one wherein the body attacks itself and produces self-antigens.

Immunoglobulin folds are a structural motif,and the amino acid sequence for this fold is commonly found in

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DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

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Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

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The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

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The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

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