Question 1

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inactivated when the energy charge of the cell is___________ (high,low).

Accepted Answer

low

Question 2

Which lipoprotein particle transports triacylglycerols from the intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  chylomicron 
B)  very low density lipoprotein 
C)  intermediate density lipoprotein 
D)  low density lipoprotein 
E)  high density lipoprotein 
A)  chylomicron 
B)  very low density lipoprotein 
C)  intermediate density lipoprotein 
D)  low density lipoprotein 
E)  high density lipoprotein A

Question 3

What cholesterol derivatives facilitate the digestion of fats by incorporating dietary triacylglycerols into micelles in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin D 
B)  testosterone 
C)  bile acids 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  vitamin D 
B)  testosterone 
C)  bile acids 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  None of the answers is correct. C

Question 4

The enzyme methylmalonyl CoA mutase contains a derivative of _____ as its coenzyme.

Accepted Answer

A)  pyridoxamine 
B)  niacin 
C)  riboflavin 
D)  cobalamin 
E)  pantothenic acid 
A)  pyridoxamine 
B)  niacin 
C)  riboflavin 
D)  cobalamin 
E)  pantothenic acid

Question 5

Explain why animals are unable to convert fatty acids to glucose.

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose via gluconeogen

Question 6

In eukaryotes,the degradation of fatty acids occurs in the ___________________ (be specific).

Accepted Answer

mitochondr

Question 7

How are unsaturated fatty acids degraded?

Accepted Answer

An unsaturated fatty acid must be conver

Question 8

How are fatty acids larger than 16 carbons formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  By elongation reactions catalyzed by enzymes on the endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  By one-carbon additions at the mitochondrial membrane 
C)  By elongation reactions catalyzed by enzymes in the peroxisomes 
D)  By addition of acetoacetyl CoA 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  By elongation reactions catalyzed by enzymes on the endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  By one-carbon additions at the mitochondrial membrane 
C)  By elongation reactions catalyzed by enzymes in the peroxisomes 
D)  By addition of acetoacetyl CoA 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 9

What molecule is required for the movement of long-chain fatty acyl groups from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  creatine 
B)  carnitine 
C)  creatinine 
D)  cholesterol 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  creatine 
B)  carnitine 
C)  creatinine 
D)  cholesterol 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 10

How is pyrophosphate formation an important theme in biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphat

Question 11

How many rounds of $\beta$ oxidation would be required for a 16-C fatty acyl chain to be degraded completely to acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

A)  7 
B)  8 
C)  15 
D)  16 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  7 
B)  8 
C)  15 
D)  16 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 12

How does fatty acid oxidation differ in peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The final product is not acetyl CoA but is succinyl CoA. 
B)  NAD+ does not participate in the pathway. 
C)  The initial dehydrogenation reaction is different in that electrons are transferred to O2 to yield H2O2. 
D)  All oxidations use NAD+ as the oxidizing agent. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  The final product is not acetyl CoA but is succinyl CoA. 
B)  NAD+ does not participate in the pathway. 
C)  The initial dehydrogenation reaction is different in that electrons are transferred to O2 to yield H2O2. 
D)  All oxidations use NAD+ as the oxidizing agent. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 13

The synthesis of fatty acids takes place in the _____________ of the cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The synthesis of fatty acids takes place...

Question 14

What are four physiological roles for fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are important 1)as building

Question 15

What is the role of the acyl carrier protein in fatty acid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Intermediates in fatty acid synthesis ar

Question 16

What molecule is used to transport acetyl groups from the matrix to the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-carnitine 
B)  succinyl CoA 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  $\alpha$-ketoglutarate 
E)  citrate 
A)  acetyl-carnitine 
B)  succinyl CoA 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  $\alpha$-ketoglutarate 
E)  citrate

Question 17

What are the similarities between fatty acid synthesis and degradation?

Accepted Answer

The processes are very similar

Question 18

How is acetyl CoA carboxylase regulated globally?

Accepted Answer

A)  By formation of inactive fibers 
B)  By the enzyme being switched off by phosphorylation and activated by dephosphorylation 
C)  By zymogen activation 
D)  By the binding of cAMP 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  By formation of inactive fibers 
B)  By the enzyme being switched off by phosphorylation and activated by dephosphorylation 
C)  By zymogen activation 
D)  By the binding of cAMP 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

In odd-numbered fatty acid chains,how is the final 3-carbon piece,propionyl CoA,utilized? What unusual coenzyme is necessary for this process?

Accepted Answer

It is carboxylated to form D-m

Question 20

What types of reactions do cobalamin enzymes catalyze?

Accepted Answer

A)  intramolecular rearrangements 
B)  methylations 
C)  reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides 
D)  intramolecular rearrangements and reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides 
E)  All the answers are correct. 
A)  intramolecular rearrangements 
B)  methylations 
C)  reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides 
D)  intramolecular rearrangements and reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides 
E)  All the answers are correct.

Exam 22: Fatty Acid Metabolism

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inactivated when the energy charge of the cell is___________ (high,low).

Which lipoprotein particle transports triacylglycerols from the intestine?

What cholesterol derivatives facilitate the digestion of fats by incorporating dietary triacylglycerols into micelles in the intestine?

The enzyme methylmalonyl CoA mutase contains a derivative of _____ as its coenzyme.

Explain why animals are unable to convert fatty acids to glucose.

In eukaryotes,the degradation of fatty acids occurs in the ___________________ (be specific).

How are unsaturated fatty acids degraded?

How are fatty acids larger than 16 carbons formed?

What molecule is required for the movement of long-chain fatty acyl groups from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix?

How is pyrophosphate formation an important theme in biochemistry?

How many rounds of β\betaβ oxidation would be required for a 16-C fatty acyl chain to be degraded completely to acetyl-CoA?

How does fatty acid oxidation differ in peroxisomes?

The synthesis of fatty acids takes place in the _____________ of the cell.

What are four physiological roles for fatty acids?

What is the role of the acyl carrier protein in fatty acid synthesis?

What molecule is used to transport acetyl groups from the matrix to the cytoplasm?

What are the similarities between fatty acid synthesis and degradation?

How is acetyl CoA carboxylase regulated globally?

In odd-numbered fatty acid chains,how is the final 3-carbon piece,propionyl CoA,utilized? What unusual coenzyme is necessary for this process?

What types of reactions do cobalamin enzymes catalyze?

Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

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How many rounds of $\beta$ oxidation would be required for a 16-C fatty acyl chain to be degraded completely to acetyl-CoA?