Exam 18: Oxidative Phosphorylation

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Describe the major defensive strategy that cells employ to prevent the harmful effects of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)that are inevitably produced during respiration.

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Question 1

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The enzyme superoxide dismutase converts superoxide radicals to peroxide and oxygen (requires protons),and the enzyme catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.Both of these enzymes are ubiquitously expressed and operate at near perfect catalytic efficiency.

In the malate-aspartate shuttle,electrons from NADH are transferred to ________,forming malate.

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Question 2

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_________________ is a poison because it blocks the flow of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen.

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Question 3

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Carbon monoxide (CO)or cyanide (CN^-)or azide (N₃^-)

The transfer of a single electron to O₂ forms the reactive _______________ ion.

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Question 4

Draw the structure of a mitochondrion and indicate the sites of oxidative phosphorylation and the citric acid cycle.Be sure to label your figure to clearly denote where these processes take place.

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Question 5

Which enzyme catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water?

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Question 6

What is the driving force for electron transport through the electron-transport chain?

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Question 7

What type of gradient is critical to ATP formation by oxidative phosphorylation?

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Question 8

Provide a brief description of oxidative phosphorylation.

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Question 9

Describe the function of protons in the mechanism of ATP synthesis by the F₁ subunit of ATP synthase.

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Question 10

Which electron carrier has an isoprenoid tail?

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Question 11

Electron flow down the electron-transport chain leads to the

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Question 12

In the Rieske center,the iron-sulfur center is coordinated to the amino acid(s)_______.

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Question 13

What is the net ATP obtained from one cytoplasmic NADH when it is reoxidized by the electron-transport chain using the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle?

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Question 14

When glucose is totally oxidized to CO₂ and H₂O and the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used,how many ATP molecules are made by oxidative phosphorylation (nonsubstrate-level phosphorylation)relative to the maximum yield?

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Question 15

Explain why carbon monoxide is toxic.

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Question 16

How is oxidative phosphorylation regulated?

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Question 17

How does the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle function?

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Question 18

Cytochrome ________ is the only water-soluble cytochrome of the electron-transport chain.

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Question 19

Which of the citric acid cycle enzymes is also part of an electron-transport complex?

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Question 20

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Exam 18: Oxidative Phosphorylation

Describe the major defensive strategy that cells employ to prevent the harmful effects of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)that are inevitably produced during respiration.

In the malate-aspartate shuttle,electrons from NADH are transferred to ________,forming malate.

_________________ is a poison because it blocks the flow of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen.

The transfer of a single electron to O2 forms the reactive _______________ ion.

Draw the structure of a mitochondrion and indicate the sites of oxidative phosphorylation and the citric acid cycle.Be sure to label your figure to clearly denote where these processes take place.

Which enzyme catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water?

What is the driving force for electron transport through the electron-transport chain?

What type of gradient is critical to ATP formation by oxidative phosphorylation?

Provide a brief description of oxidative phosphorylation.

Describe the function of protons in the mechanism of ATP synthesis by the F1 subunit of ATP synthase.

Which electron carrier has an isoprenoid tail?

Electron flow down the electron-transport chain leads to the

In the Rieske center,the iron-sulfur center is coordinated to the amino acid(s)_______.

What is the net ATP obtained from one cytoplasmic NADH when it is reoxidized by the electron-transport chain using the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle?

When glucose is totally oxidized to CO2 and H2O and the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used,how many ATP molecules are made by oxidative phosphorylation (nonsubstrate-level phosphorylation)relative to the maximum yield?

Explain why carbon monoxide is toxic.

How is oxidative phosphorylation regulated?

How does the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle function?

Cytochrome ________ is the only water-soluble cytochrome of the electron-transport chain.

Which of the citric acid cycle enzymes is also part of an electron-transport complex?

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Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

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Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

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Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

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The transfer of a single electron to O₂ forms the reactive _______________ ion.

Describe the function of protons in the mechanism of ATP synthesis by the F₁ subunit of ATP synthase.

When glucose is totally oxidized to CO₂ and H₂O and the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used,how many ATP molecules are made by oxidative phosphorylation (nonsubstrate-level phosphorylation)relative to the maximum yield?