Question 1

What hormone,released by adipose tissue,generates a sense of satiation and inhibits the appetite?

Accepted Answer

A)  leptin 
B)  cholecystokinin 
C)  neuropeptide Y 
D)  insulin 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  leptin 
B)  cholecystokinin 
C)  neuropeptide Y 
D)  insulin 
E)  None of the answers is correct. A

Question 2

Which of the following metabolic conversions provides the maximum rate of ATP production (mmol sec-1)for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle glycogen to CO2 
B)  muscle glycogen to lactate 
C)  creatine phosphate and ADP to ATP and creatine 
D)  fatty acid to CO2 
E)  liver glycogen to CO2 
A)  muscle glycogen to CO2 
B)  muscle glycogen to lactate 
C)  creatine phosphate and ADP to ATP and creatine 
D)  fatty acid to CO2 
E)  liver glycogen to CO2 C

Question 3

What fuel is used exclusively by muscles following a day of starvation?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen 
B)  fatty acids 
C)  alanine 
D)  glucose 
E)  $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate 
A)  glycogen 
B)  fatty acids 
C)  alanine 
D)  glucose 
E)  $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate B

Question 4

What are the plasma concentrations of glucose in the normal fasting and starvation states?

Accepted Answer

Typical fasting glucose level

Question 5

Excess alcohol consumption can lead to Wernicke-Korsaff syndrome due to the lack of the vitamin thiamine.Which of the following metabolic conversions CANNOT occur in the absence of thiamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate + CO2 $\rarr$ oxaloacetate 
B)  pyruvate $\rarr$ acetyl-CoA + CO2 
C)  $\alpha$-ketoglutarate $\rarr$succinyl-CoA + CO2 
D)  phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 $\rarr$ oxaloacetate 
E)  B and C are correct. 
A)  pyruvate + CO2 $\rarr$ oxaloacetate 
B)  pyruvate $\rarr$ acetyl-CoA + CO2 
C)  $\alpha$-ketoglutarate $\rarr$succinyl-CoA + CO2 
D)  phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 $\rarr$ oxaloacetate 
E)  B and C are correct.

Question 6

What is the key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphofructokinase 
B)  glucokinase 
C)  hexokinase 
D)  triose phosphate isomerase 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  phosphofructokinase 
B)  glucokinase 
C)  hexokinase 
D)  triose phosphate isomerase 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

How do SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling)proteins inhibit receptor signaling? Give one example.

Accepted Answer

SOCS proteins bind to phosphorylated tyr

Question 8

What is the advantage of converting pyruvate to lactate in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

One advantage is that NAD⁺ is regenerated

Question 9

What metabolic changes occur during the early fasting state?

Accepted Answer

In the initial hours after a meal,the bl

Question 10

The microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)consumes oxygen and ______________,which leads to oxidative stress partly due to the inability to regenerate glutathione.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)consumes oxygen and...

Question 11

What are some of the primary metabolic fates of acetyl CoA in animals?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA can enter the citric acid cyc

Question 12

Maintenance of a constant blood-glucose level is called

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose tolerance. 
B)  glucose adjustment. 
C)  glucose homeostasis. 
D)  cholecystokinin. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  glucose tolerance. 
B)  glucose adjustment. 
C)  glucose homeostasis. 
D)  cholecystokinin. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 13

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

This form of diabetes appears

Question 14

The "fed state" leads to the release of the hormone ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The "fed state" leads to the release...

Question 15

What is the primary source of energy used by the muscle during starvation?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  lactate 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  ketone bodies 
E)  branched-chain amino acids 
A)  glucose 
B)  lactate 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  ketone bodies 
E)  branched-chain amino acids

Question 16

When levels of ketone bodies are high,the _________________ can no longer maintain acid-base balance in the blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When levels of ketone bodies are high,the...

Question 17

Which organ is considered to be the metabolic "hub" of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  brain 
B)  small intestine 
C)  liver 
D)  pancreas 
E)  adipose tissue 
A)  brain 
B)  small intestine 
C)  liver 
D)  pancreas 
E)  adipose tissue

Question 18

GLP-1 triggers which of the following in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased satiety 
B)  decreased food intake 
C)  decreased body weight 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  decreased food intake and decreased body weight 
A)  decreased satiety 
B)  decreased food intake 
C)  decreased body weight 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  decreased food intake and decreased body weight

Question 19

What is the major fuel for resting muscle,and what it the major fuel for muscle under strenuous work conditions?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are the major fuel

Question 20

The primary function of aerobic glycolysis is to

Accepted Answer

A)  degrade glucose to provide ATP. 
B)  provide carbon skeletons for biosynthesis. 
C)  provide NADH for lactate reduction. 
D)  provide NADPH for biosynthetic reactions 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  degrade glucose to provide ATP. 
B)  provide carbon skeletons for biosynthesis. 
C)  provide NADH for lactate reduction. 
D)  provide NADPH for biosynthetic reactions 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Exam 27: The Integration of Metabolism

What hormone,released by adipose tissue,generates a sense of satiation and inhibits the appetite?

Which of the following metabolic conversions provides the maximum rate of ATP production (mmol sec-1)for muscle contraction?

What fuel is used exclusively by muscles following a day of starvation?

What are the plasma concentrations of glucose in the normal fasting and starvation states?

Excess alcohol consumption can lead to Wernicke-Korsaff syndrome due to the lack of the vitamin thiamine.Which of the following metabolic conversions CANNOT occur in the absence of thiamine?

What is the key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis?

How do SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling)proteins inhibit receptor signaling? Give one example.

What is the advantage of converting pyruvate to lactate in skeletal muscle?

What metabolic changes occur during the early fasting state?

The microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)consumes oxygen and ______________,which leads to oxidative stress partly due to the inability to regenerate glutathione.

What are some of the primary metabolic fates of acetyl CoA in animals?

Maintenance of a constant blood-glucose level is called

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

The "fed state" leads to the release of the hormone ____________________.

What is the primary source of energy used by the muscle during starvation?

When levels of ketone bodies are high,the _________________ can no longer maintain acid-base balance in the blood.

Which organ is considered to be the metabolic "hub" of the body?

GLP-1 triggers which of the following in the brain?

What is the major fuel for resting muscle,and what it the major fuel for muscle under strenuous work conditions?

The primary function of aerobic glycolysis is to

Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters

Which of the following metabolic conversions provides the maximum rate of ATP production (mmol sec^-¹)for muscle contraction?