Question 1

What is the standard-state free energy (?G°?)for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP?

Accepted Answer

A)  +45.6 kJ mol-1  
B)  -45.6 kJ mol-1 
C)  -30.5 kJ mol-1 
D)  -015.6 kJ mol-1 
E)  +30.5 kJ mol-1 
A)  +45.6 kJ mol-1  
B)  -45.6 kJ mol-1 
C)  -30.5 kJ mol-1 
D)  -015.6 kJ mol-1 
E)  +30.5 kJ mol-1 C

Question 2

That ATP has a high phosphoryl-transfer potential means that it is thermodynamically ____________ for ATP to transfer its terminal phosphoryl group to water.

Accepted Answer

favorable

Question 3

What metabolic type of reaction involves the cleavage of bonds by the addition of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  ligation 
B)  isomerization 
C)  lyase 
D)  oxidation-reduction 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  ligation 
B)  isomerization 
C)  lyase 
D)  oxidation-reduction 
E)  None of the answers is correct. E

Question 4

Which of the metabolic chemical reactions is most commonly used to break down foodstuffs?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reactions

Question 5

What metabolic type of reaction involves the addition of a functional group across a double bond or the removal of a functional group to form a double bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  isomerization 
B)  group transfer 
C)  ligation requiring ATP 
D)  lyase 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  isomerization 
B)  group transfer 
C)  ligation requiring ATP 
D)  lyase 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

Which of the following is the term for small organic compounds that are components of coenzymes and are thus often required in the diets of higher organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  cofactor 
B)  metabolite 
C)  vitamin 
D)  metabolic intermediate 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  cofactor 
B)  metabolite 
C)  vitamin 
D)  metabolic intermediate 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

FAD is an electron carrier that is derived from the vitamin ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of FAD is an electron carrier that is...

Question 8

Explain how a metabolic pathway can contain an energetically unfavorable reaction yet still occur.

Accepted Answer

The free-energy changes of the individua

Question 9

How is metabolism controlled?

Accepted Answer

The amounts of enzymes (controlled by re

Question 10

What compound serves as an acyl carrier in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  FAD 
B)  biotin 
C)  thiamine pyrophosphate 
D)  coenzyme A 
E)  tetrahydrofolate 
A)  FAD 
B)  biotin 
C)  thiamine pyrophosphate 
D)  coenzyme A 
E)  tetrahydrofolate

Question 11

What is an activated carrier? Provide two examples.

Accepted Answer

Activated carriers are molecules that ar

Question 12

In the cell,the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule in a coupled reaction changes the equilibrium ratio of _________ to _________ by a factor of 108.

Accepted Answer

Question 13

List five activated carriers in metabolism,and give the vitamins that are the precursors of these carriers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List five activated carriers in metabolism,and give...

Question 14

Which of the following is a mechanism by which enzyme catalytic activity is controlled?

Accepted Answer

A)  allosteric control 
B)  feedback inhibition 
C)  covalent modification 
D)  allosteric control and covalent modification 
E)  All the answers are correct. 
A)  allosteric control 
B)  feedback inhibition 
C)  covalent modification 
D)  allosteric control and covalent modification 
E)  All the answers are correct.

Question 15

The reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide is

Accepted Answer

A)  FADH. 
B)  FAD. 
C)  FADH++. 
D)  FADH2. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  FADH. 
B)  FAD. 
C)  FADH++. 
D)  FADH2. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

What is the phosphorylation potential of a cell?

Accepted Answer

The phosphorylation potential is directl

Question 17

Reaction pathways that exclusively transform fuels into cellular energy are

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  allobolic. 
D)  amphibolic. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  allobolic. 
D)  amphibolic. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

Metabolic pathways that require energy and are often biosynthetic processes are

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  allobolic. 
D)  All of the answers are correct 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  allobolic. 
D)  All of the answers are correct 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

Which of the following serves as the "chemical currency" of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH 
B)  acetyl CoA 
C)  NADPH 
D)  glucose 
E)  ATP 
A)  NADH 
B)  acetyl CoA 
C)  NADPH 
D)  glucose 
E)  ATP

Question 20

Which of the following is the ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  FAD 
D)  oxygen 
E)  succinate 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  FAD 
D)  oxygen 
E)  succinate

Exam 15: Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

What is the standard-state free energy (?G°?)for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP?

That ATP has a high phosphoryl-transfer potential means that it is thermodynamically ____________ for ATP to transfer its terminal phosphoryl group to water.

What metabolic type of reaction involves the cleavage of bonds by the addition of water?

Which of the metabolic chemical reactions is most commonly used to break down foodstuffs?

What metabolic type of reaction involves the addition of a functional group across a double bond or the removal of a functional group to form a double bond?

Which of the following is the term for small organic compounds that are components of coenzymes and are thus often required in the diets of higher organisms?

FAD is an electron carrier that is derived from the vitamin ________________.

Explain how a metabolic pathway can contain an energetically unfavorable reaction yet still occur.

How is metabolism controlled?

What compound serves as an acyl carrier in metabolism?

What is an activated carrier? Provide two examples.

In the cell,the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule in a coupled reaction changes the equilibrium ratio of _________ to _________ by a factor of 108.

List five activated carriers in metabolism,and give the vitamins that are the precursors of these carriers.

Which of the following is a mechanism by which enzyme catalytic activity is controlled?

The reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide is

What is the phosphorylation potential of a cell?

Reaction pathways that exclusively transform fuels into cellular energy are

Metabolic pathways that require energy and are often biosynthetic processes are

Which of the following serves as the "chemical currency" of metabolism?

Which of the following is the ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic organisms?

Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters

In the cell,the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule in a coupled reaction changes the equilibrium ratio of _ to _ by a factor of 10⁸.