Question 1

Concealing the observer behind a two-way mirror or using hidden cameras can be used to minimize

Accepted Answer

A) the observer effect. 
B) observer bias. 
C) the placebo effect. 
D) courtesy bias. 
A) the observer effect. 
B) observer bias. 
C) the placebo effect. 
D) courtesy bias.

Question 2

A teacher states that the students who made the highest grades on the English test also made the highest grades on the history test and the ones that made the lowest on one test made the lowest on the other.She was probably able to make this statement because she

Accepted Answer

A) conducted a controlled experiment with the class. 
B) correlated the scores on the two tests. 
C) surveyed the students. 
D) observed the students as they took the test to make sure no one cheated. 
A) conducted a controlled experiment with the class. 
B) correlated the scores on the two tests. 
C) surveyed the students. 
D) observed the students as they took the test to make sure no one cheated.

Question 3

If a behavioral problem has a clearly identifiable physical cause, this problem should be treated by a

Accepted Answer

A) counseling psychologist. 
B) clinical psychologist. 
C) psychoanalyst. 
D) psychiatrist. 
A) counseling psychologist. 
B) clinical psychologist. 
C) psychoanalyst. 
D) psychiatrist.

Question 4

Taking your clients' cultural beliefs and values into account when making diagnoses and before beginning therapy illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A) social accommodation. 
B) cultural relativity. 
C) ethnocentrism. 
D) cultural assimilation. 
A) social accommodation. 
B) cultural relativity. 
C) ethnocentrism. 
D) cultural assimilation.

Question 5

Recording the behavior of people or animals in their real-life settings without imposing laboratory conditions is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) independent method. 
B) pseudo-observational method. 
C) correlation method. 
D) naturalistic observation method. 
A) independent method. 
B) pseudo-observational method. 
C) correlation method. 
D) naturalistic observation method.

Question 6

In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given

Accepted Answer

A) a high dosage of alcohol. 
B) one-half the dosage given the experimental group. 
C) a driving test before and after drinking alcohol. 
D) no alcohol at all. 
A) a high dosage of alcohol. 
B) one-half the dosage given the experimental group. 
C) a driving test before and after drinking alcohol. 
D) no alcohol at all.

Question 7

Which type of variable is measured in both the experimental and control groups of an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) the dependent variable 
B) the independent variable 
C) extraneous variables 
D) the control variable 
A) the dependent variable 
B) the independent variable 
C) extraneous variables 
D) the control variable

Question 8

The anthropomorphic error would pose the greatest problem for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) clinical psychologist 
B) Freudian psychologist 
C) humanist 
D) comparative psychologist 
A) clinical psychologist 
B) Freudian psychologist 
C) humanist 
D) comparative psychologist

Question 9

Observer bias is a problem with which of the following research techniques?

Accepted Answer

A) correlational studies 
B) controlled experiments 
C) a replication study 
D) naturalistic observation 
A) correlational studies 
B) controlled experiments 
C) a replication study 
D) naturalistic observation

Question 10

A _____ psychologist applies psychological principles to legal issues.

Accepted Answer

A) forensic 
B) social 
C) comparative 
D) cognitive 
A) forensic 
B) social 
C) comparative 
D) cognitive

Question 11

Psychiatrists differ from psychologists because psychiatrists

Accepted Answer

A) are physicians with a specialization in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy. 
B) are extensively trained in the theories and techniques of Sigmund Freud. 
C) are generally more eclectic than psychologists. 
D) have a Masters or Ph.D.degree with special training in psychological theory and research methods. 
A) are physicians with a specialization in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy. 
B) are extensively trained in the theories and techniques of Sigmund Freud. 
C) are generally more eclectic than psychologists. 
D) have a Masters or Ph.D.degree with special training in psychological theory and research methods.

Question 12

In observing the changes in their clients during therapy, psychologists often believe they get better results when using the type of therapy they favor.This illustrates the

Accepted Answer

A) Barnum effect. 
B) observer effect. 
C) observer bias. 
D) anthropomorphic error. 
A) Barnum effect. 
B) observer effect. 
C) observer bias. 
D) anthropomorphic error.

Question 13

Giving placebos in drug experiments is necessary to

Accepted Answer

A) counteract the random assignment of subjects. 
B) counteract the side effects of the drug. 
C) control for the effects of suggestion and expectation. 
D) keep control subjects from knowing they have been given the real drug. 
A) counteract the random assignment of subjects. 
B) counteract the side effects of the drug. 
C) control for the effects of suggestion and expectation. 
D) keep control subjects from knowing they have been given the real drug.

Question 14

Correlations allow us to

Accepted Answer

A) control behavior. 
B) explain behavior. 
C) predict behavior. 
D) establish causal relationships. 
A) control behavior. 
B) explain behavior. 
C) predict behavior. 
D) establish causal relationships.

Question 15

The "researcher bias" refers to changes in the

Accepted Answer

A) subjects' behavior caused by a placebo. 
B) researcher's behavior caused by the subjects. 
C) subjects' behavior caused by the unintended influence of their own expectations. 
D) subjects' behavior caused by the unintended influence of a researcher's actions. 
A) subjects' behavior caused by a placebo. 
B) researcher's behavior caused by the subjects. 
C) subjects' behavior caused by the unintended influence of their own expectations. 
D) subjects' behavior caused by the unintended influence of a researcher's actions.

Question 16

The people whose behavior is investigated

Accepted Answer

A) are called the experimental subjects. 
B) are called the participants. 
C) make up the experimental and control groups. 
D) are characterized by all of these. 
A) are called the experimental subjects. 
B) are called the participants. 
C) make up the experimental and control groups. 
D) are characterized by all of these.

Question 17

A correlational coefficient is best characterized as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) measure of the extent of the relationship between two existing traits, behaviors, or events. 
B) index of the causal direction between an independent and dependent variable. 
C) indication of the likelihood that an experimental finding will be replicated by others. 
D) measure of the likelihood that observed differences may be attributed to chance. 
A) measure of the extent of the relationship between two existing traits, behaviors, or events. 
B) index of the causal direction between an independent and dependent variable. 
C) indication of the likelihood that an experimental finding will be replicated by others. 
D) measure of the likelihood that observed differences may be attributed to chance.

Question 18

If the relationship between anxiety and performance on a task were positive, we would expect

Accepted Answer

A) anxiety to have minimal effect on performance. 
B) performance to increase as anxiety decreases. 
C) performance to increase as anxiety increases. 
D) performance to decrease as anxiety increases. 
A) anxiety to have minimal effect on performance. 
B) performance to increase as anxiety decreases. 
C) performance to increase as anxiety increases. 
D) performance to decrease as anxiety increases.

Question 19

A researcher studying sleep deprivation finds that as the amount of sleep decreases, there is a proportional decrease in one's immune system.This illustrates a

Accepted Answer

A) positive correlation. 
B) negative correlation. 
C) zero correlation. 
D) dependent correlation. 
A) positive correlation. 
B) negative correlation. 
C) zero correlation. 
D) dependent correlation.

Question 20

When an experimenter unwittingly influences research participants so that they behave in ways consistent with her hypothesis, _____ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) researcher bias 
B) the placebo effect 
C) anthropomorphic bias 
D) the extraneous effect 
A) researcher bias 
B) the placebo effect 
C) anthropomorphic bias 
D) the extraneous effect

Exam 1: Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Concealing the observer behind a two-way mirror or using hidden cameras can be used to minimize

A teacher states that the students who made the highest grades on the English test also made the highest grades on the history test and the ones that made the lowest on one test made the lowest on the other.She was probably able to make this statement because she

If a behavioral problem has a clearly identifiable physical cause, this problem should be treated by a

Taking your clients' cultural beliefs and values into account when making diagnoses and before beginning therapy illustrates the importance of

Recording the behavior of people or animals in their real-life settings without imposing laboratory conditions is known as the

In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given

Which type of variable is measured in both the experimental and control groups of an experiment?

The anthropomorphic error would pose the greatest problem for which of the following?

Observer bias is a problem with which of the following research techniques?

A _____ psychologist applies psychological principles to legal issues.

Psychiatrists differ from psychologists because psychiatrists

In observing the changes in their clients during therapy, psychologists often believe they get better results when using the type of therapy they favor.This illustrates the

Giving placebos in drug experiments is necessary to

Correlations allow us to

The "researcher bias" refers to changes in the

The people whose behavior is investigated

A correlational coefficient is best characterized as a(n)

If the relationship between anxiety and performance on a task were positive, we would expect

A researcher studying sleep deprivation finds that as the amount of sleep decreases, there is a proportional decrease in one's immune system.This illustrates a

When an experimenter unwittingly influences research participants so that they behave in ways consistent with her hypothesis, _____ has occurred.

Introduction the Psychology

Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Extension A: Human Development

Extension B: Human Development

Extension C: Human Development

Extension D: Human Development

Extension A: Sensation and Reality

Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Extension A: Perceiving the World

Extension B: Perceiving the World

Extension A: States of Consciousness

Extension B: States of Consciousness

Extension C: States of Consciousness

Extension D: States of Consciousness

Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

Extension A: Memory

Extension B: Memory

Extension C: Memory

Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Extension B: Motivation and Emotion

Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Extension B: Gender and Sexuality

Extension C: Gender and Sexuality

Extension A: Personality

Extension B: Personality

Extension C: Personality

Extension D: Personality

Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Extension D: Psychological Disorders

Extension A: Therapies

Extension B: Therapies

Extension C: Therapies

Extension D: Therapies

Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension A: Applied Psychology

Extension B: Applied Psychology

Extension C: Applied Psychology