Exam 2: The Project Management and Information Technology Context

Project managers have the most authority in a pure ____.

Organizational issues are often the least difficult part of working on and managing projects.

____ is a set of shared assumptions,values,and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.

Most IT projects involve a major amount of software development.

Many companies have realized that information technology is integral to their business and have created a vice president or equivalent-level position for the head of information technology,often called the ____.

In a(n)____________________ organizational structure,project managers have little or no authority.

The ____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.

In the ____ phase,the project team creates more detailed project plans,a more accurate cost estimate,and a more thorough WBS.

In early phases of a project life cycle,resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____.

Project organizations may miss economies of scale available through the pooling of requests for materials with other projects.

Describe each of the three major types of organizational structure.

The three spheres of systems management are business,organization,and ____________________.

____ is a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system,dividing it into its components,and then identifying and evaluating its problems,opportunities,constraints,and needs.

The ____ model requires heavy user involvement,and developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously.

A(n)____________________ is an overall model for thinking about things as systems.

The term ______________________________ has become popular to describe new approaches that focus on close collaboration between programming teams and business experts.

According to the symbolic frame,what is most important about any event in an organization is what actually happened.

It is rare for technical specialists or project managers to remain with the same company for a long time.

Management reviews,called phase exits or ____________________,are very important for keeping projects on track and determining if they should be continued,redirected,or terminated.

____ describes a holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization.