Exam 17: Multiple Regression

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A multiple regression is called "multiple" because it has several explanatory variables.

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A practical way to identify multicollinearity is through the examination of a correlation ____________________ that shows the correlations of each variable with each of the other variables.

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If the residuals in a regression analysis of time ordered data are not correlated,the value of the Durbin-Watson d statistic should be near ____________________.

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Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What are the regression degrees of freedom that are missing from the output?  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What are the regression degrees of freedom that are missing from the output? ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What are the regression degrees of freedom that are missing from the output?

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A multiple regression model has the form: A multiple regression model has the form:   .As x<sub>2</sub> increases by one unit,holding x<sub>1</sub> constant,then the value of y will increase by: .As x2 increases by one unit,holding x1 constant,then the value of y will increase by:

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Life Expectancy An actuary wanted to develop a model to predict how long individuals will live.After consulting a number of physicians,she collected the age at death (y),the average number of hours of exercise per week (x1),the cholesterol level (x2),and the number of points that the individual's blood pressure exceeded the recommended value (x3).A random sample of 40 individuals was selected.The computer output of the multiple regression model is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS y = 55.8 + 1.79x1− 0.021x2− 0.061x3  Life Expectancy  An actuary wanted to develop a model to predict how long individuals will live.After consulting a number of physicians,she collected the age at death (y),the average number of hours of exercise per week (x<sub>1</sub>),the cholesterol level (x<sub>2</sub>),and the number of points that the individual's blood pressure exceeded the recommended value (x<sub>3</sub>).A random sample of 40 individuals was selected.The computer output of the multiple regression model is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS y = 55.8 + 1.79x<sub>1</sub>− 0.021x<sub>2</sub>− 0.061x<sub>3</sub>   ​ S = 9.47 ​ R−Sq = 22.5% ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE   ​ ​ -{Life Expectancy Narrative} What is the adjusted coefficient of determination in this situation? What does this statistic tell you? ​ S = 9.47 ​ R−Sq = 22.5% ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE  Life Expectancy  An actuary wanted to develop a model to predict how long individuals will live.After consulting a number of physicians,she collected the age at death (y),the average number of hours of exercise per week (x<sub>1</sub>),the cholesterol level (x<sub>2</sub>),and the number of points that the individual's blood pressure exceeded the recommended value (x<sub>3</sub>).A random sample of 40 individuals was selected.The computer output of the multiple regression model is shown below. THE REGRESSION EQUATION IS y = 55.8 + 1.79x<sub>1</sub>− 0.021x<sub>2</sub>− 0.061x<sub>3</sub>   ​ S = 9.47 ​ R−Sq = 22.5% ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE   ​ ​ -{Life Expectancy Narrative} What is the adjusted coefficient of determination in this situation? What does this statistic tell you? ​ ​ -{Life Expectancy Narrative} What is the adjusted coefficient of determination in this situation? What does this statistic tell you?

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In a multiple regression model,the value of the coefficient of determination has to fall between

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Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} At the 0.01 level of significance,what conclusion should the builder draw regarding the inclusion of education in the regression model?  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} At the 0.01 level of significance,what conclusion should the builder draw regarding the inclusion of education in the regression model? ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} At the 0.01 level of significance,what conclusion should the builder draw regarding the inclusion of education in the regression model?

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For a multiple regression model,the following statistics are given: Total variation in y = 500,SSE = 80,and n = 25.Then,the coefficient of determination is:

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Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What are the residual degrees of freedom that are missing from the output?  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What are the residual degrees of freedom that are missing from the output? ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What are the residual degrees of freedom that are missing from the output?

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Multicollinearity is present when there is a high degree of correlation between the dependent variable and any of the independent variables.

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A(n)____________________ value of the F-test statistic indicates that the multiple regression model is valid.

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We test an individual coefficient in a multiple regression model using a(n)_________ test.

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In a multiple regression model,the mean of the probability distribution of the error variable ε is assumed to be:

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The problem of multicollinearity arises when the:

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If a group of independent variables are not significant individually but are significant as a group at a specified level of significance,this is most likely due to:

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Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} Which of the following values for the level of significance is the smallest for which at least two explanatory variables are significant individually: α = .01,.05,.10,and .15?  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} Which of the following values for the level of significance is the smallest for which at least two explanatory variables are significant individually: α = .01,.05,.10,and .15? ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} Which of the following values for the level of significance is the smallest for which at least two explanatory variables are significant individually: α = .01,.05,.10,and .15?

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Most statistical software print a second R2 statistic,called the coefficient of determination adjusted for degrees of freedom,which has been adjusted to take into account the sample size and the number of independent variables.

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Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} One individual in the sample had an annual income of $100,000,a family size of 10,and an education of 16 years.This individual owned a home with an area of 7,000 square feet.What is the residual (in hundreds of square feet)for this data point?  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} One individual in the sample had an annual income of $100,000,a family size of 10,and an education of 16 years.This individual owned a home with an area of 7,000 square feet.What is the residual (in hundreds of square feet)for this data point? ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} One individual in the sample had an annual income of $100,000,a family size of 10,and an education of 16 years.This individual owned a home with an area of 7,000 square feet.What is the residual (in hundreds of square feet)for this data point?

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Real Estate Builder A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What minimum annual income would an individual with a family size of 9 and 10 years of education need to attain a predicted 5,000 square foot home?  Real Estate Builder  A real estate builder wishes to determine how house size is influenced by family income,family size,and education of the head of household.House size is measured in hundreds of square feet,income is measured in thousands of dollars,and education is measured in years.A partial computer output is shown below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.865 R Square 0.748 Adjusted R Square 0.726 Standard Error 5.195 Observations 50 ANOVA     ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What minimum annual income would an individual with a family size of 9 and 10 years of education need to attain a predicted 5,000 square foot home? ​ ​ -{Real Estate Builder Narrative} What minimum annual income would an individual with a family size of 9 and 10 years of education need to attain a predicted 5,000 square foot home?

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