Exam 3: Cell Structure and Function

A common hypothesis and casual assumption is that dogs originated from wolves.Because of the wide range of body sizes and shapes,other hypotheses include dog ancestry of jackals,coyotes,dingos or other wild dog species.In recent years,several studies have been done to clear up the lineage.One study tested the Y chromosome DNA that can only be passed down from male to male,and the other other study tested the mitochondrial DNA because _____.

In a class field trip,you scrape what looks like an organism off of a stream rock.Through the semester,with chemical analysis and electron microscopes,you determine that the cell has DNA,RNA,ribosomes,a cell membrane,and cytoplasm.This helps you determine that

The most prominent organelle visible in most eukaryotic cells is the

Mitochondria do not

When membrane-bound receptors like HER2 bind to molecules outside of a human cell,they must move laterally within the bilayer and also bind to a second HER2 receptor,forming a dimer (2-part molecule),in order for the signal to be further tranferred inside the cell through the membrane.This is possible because the cell membrane is

The function of the nucleolus is

Chloroplasts are not

If you or a loved one are confronted with possible cancer diagnosis,you may hear terms such as benign or cancerous in describing abnormal growth or structure of cells.A diagnosis of benign or precancerous polyps describes areas where you have raised clusters of cells lining the walls of your colon.The polyps can continue to grow abnormally,and may pose risk of developing into colorectal cancer.What is the key distinction of the polyps that an oncologist cancer physician would use to determine the point that the polyps are cancerous?

Cells come in a range of sizes, and a variety of shapes. Assuming a cell type has a conservative cube shape, it may have limits to size, because of the need of materials to diffuse into or out of the cell through the surface area of the cell membrane. Calculate the numerical changes of a cube-shaped cell from an original size of 10 μm × 10 μm × 10 μm. -If the cell was a cube and you doubled the height,width,and length of the cell,how much would the surface area increase?

Cancer cells are cells that

Because mitochondria,chloroplasts and other plastids have their own DNA and ribosomes within double membranes,they are also considered cells.

The ways by which a cell avoids surface limitations to needed diffusion of materials include

As the cell doubles in dimensions from its original size,the surface area would increase much more than the internal volume of the cell.

Consider that you have access to use fluorescent tagging of specific proteins and view cells in a confocal microscope.You isolate a cell with the fluorescent dyes,showing that a very tiny,single-celled organism has not only a cell membrane,but internally folded membranes.You determine also that the membranes do not completely surround internal specialized compartments of the cell.You identify this as

A junction that is a protein channel linking the cytoplasms of adjacent animal cells is called a(n)

The three domains in the Woese system of classification are

When Herceptin medication is used to stop the excessive action of receptor proteins in breast cancer cells,slowing their division,the receptor proteins are within the cell nucleus where the cell is regulated.

Endosymbiosis theory is proposed in large part because of the resemblance of mitochondria,and chloroplast structures to prokaryotes.

The main organelles and structures involved by distinct function with milk production and secretion in their correct sequence are

Most living cells are small in size because they need a small ratio of surface area to volume.